A guide to the history and physical examination for low back pain: A family physician's perspective

The history and physical examination lay the groundwork for the treatment of the patient with low back pain. The history and physical examination are structured to answer whether the patient has a high likelihood of a serious spinal or nonspinal cause of back pain or has radiculopathy. In addition, the evaluation helps build rapport, fosters an understanding of the functional and personal impacts of the problem, and helps chart a course for education and further therapy. A detailed investigation of psychosocial factors influencing prognosis may be important in selected individuals.