@article{7c9e8b56965d4a69ac6bbcec11c73732,
title = "A universal bacteriophage T4 nanoparticle platform to design multiplex SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates by CRISPR engineering",
abstract = "A “universal” platform that can rapidly generate multiplex vaccine candidates is critically needed to control pandemics. Using the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 as a model, we have developed such a platform by CRISPR engineering of bacteriophage T4. A pipeline of vaccine candidates was engineered by incorporating various viral components into appropriate compartments of phage nanoparticle structure. These include expressible spike genes in genome, spike and envelope epitopes as surface decorations, and nucleocapsid proteins in packaged core. Phage decorated with spike trimers was found to be the most potent vaccine candidate in animal models. Without any adjuvant, this vaccine stimulated robust immune responses, both T helper cell 1 (TH1) and TH2 immunoglobulin G subclasses, blocked virus-receptor interactions, neutralized viral infection, and conferred complete protection against viral challenge. This new nanovaccine design framework might allow the rapid deployment of effective adjuvant-free phage-based vaccines against any emerging pathogen in the future.",
author = "Jingen Zhu and Neeti Ananthaswamy and Swati Jain and Himanshu Batra and Tang, {Wei Chun} and Lewry, {Douglass A.} and Richards, {Michael L.} and David, {Sunil A.} and Kilgore, {Paul B.} and Jian Sha and Aleksandra Drelich and Tseng, {Chien Te K.} and Chopra, {Ashok K.} and Rao, {Venigalla B.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank V. Padilla-Sanchez and Frontera Supercomputer in Texas for assistance with the preparation of the video and Fig. 1; Z. Wang and T. Close at Purdue University for the cryo-EM images; B. Graham, K. S. Corbett (NIH), and J. S. McLellan (University of Texas, Austin) for providing recombinant plasmids containing SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) genes; and R. Kempaiah (UTMB) for providing the inoculum of the MA SARS-CoV-2 virus. This research was supported by NIAID/NIH supplement grant 3R01AI095366-07S1 (subaward: 1100992-100) and, in part, by NIAID/NIH grants AI111538 and AI081726 and NSF grant MCB-0923873 to V.B.R. ViroVax LLC acknowledges the NIAID/NIH supplement contract HHSN272201800049C to S.A.D. Special funding provided by the IHII-COVID19 pilot grant to A.K.C. is acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved;",
year = "2021",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1126/sciadv.abh1547",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "7",
journal = "Science Advances",
issn = "2375-2548",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "37",
}