Abnormal mitochondrial metabolism in obesity and insulin resistance

Obesity is a complex and serious disease. It is also an important risk factor for several other noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, and some types of cancer. The fat accumulation in obesity leads to chronic low-grade inflammation state, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial dysfunction. The excessive intake of nutrients, especially saturated fatty acids, can also lead to abnormal energy metabolism, higher ROS formation, and consequent oxidative stress, which in turn can aggravate the inflammatory process. These alterations are strongly connected with the development of insulin resistance. This chapter explores the mechanisms associated with the impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics in obesity and insulin resistance.