TY - JOUR
T1 - Adherence to Human Colon Cells by Multidrug Resistant Enterobacterales Strains Isolated From Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With a Focus on Citrobacter freundii
AU - ENTHERE Study Group
AU - Group for Study of Infection in Transplantation of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (GESITRA-SEIMC)
AU - Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI)
AU - Ramos-Vivas, José
AU - Chapartegui-González, Itziar
AU - Fernández-Martínez, Marta
AU - González-Rico, Claudia
AU - Barrett, John
AU - Fortún, Jesús
AU - Escudero, Rosa
AU - Marco, Francesc
AU - Linares, Laura
AU - Nieto, Javier
AU - Aranzamendi, Maitane
AU - Muñoz, Patricia
AU - Valerio, Maricela
AU - Aguado, Jose María
AU - Chaves, Fernando
AU - Gracia-Ahufinger, Irene
AU - Paez-Vega, Aurora
AU - Martínez-Martínez, Luis
AU - Fariñas, María Carmen
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2020 Ramos-Vivas, Chapartegui-González, Fernández-Martínez, González-Rico, Barrett, Fortún, Escudero, Marco, Linares, Nieto, Aranzamendi, Muñoz, Valerio, Aguado, Chaves, Gracia-Ahufinger, Paez-Vega, Martínez-Martínez and Fariñas.
PY - 2020/9/16
Y1 - 2020/9/16
N2 - Enterobacteria species are common causes of hospital-acquired infections, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Immunocompromised patients such as solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are especially at risk because they are frequently exposed to antibiotics in the course of their treatments. In this work, we used a collection of 106 Escherichia coli, 78 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 25 Enterobacter spp., and 24 Citrobacter spp. multidrug resistant strains isolated from transplant patients (hepatic, renal or renal/pancreatic) in order to examine their ability to adhere in vitro to HT-29 human colon cells, and to determine if some adhesive characteristics are associated with prevalence and persistence of these strains. A total of 33 E. coli (31%), 21 K. pneumoniae (27%), 7 Enterobacter spp. (28%), and 5 Citrobacter spp. (21%), adhered to the colon epithelial cells. Two main adherence patterns were observed in the four species analyzed, diffuse adherence, and aggregative adherence. Under transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), most bacteria lacked visible fimbria on their surface, despite their strong adherence to epithelial cells. None of the strains studied was able to induce any cytotoxic effect on HT-29 cells although some of them strongly colonizing both cells and glass coverslips at high density. Some of the strains failed to adhere to the epithelial cells but adhered strongly to the cover-slide, which shows that microscopy studies are mandatory to elucidate the adherence of bacteria to epithelial cells in vitro, and that quantitative assays using colony forming unit (CFUs) counting need to be supplemented with pictures to determine definitively if a bacterial strain adheres or not to animal cells in vitro. We report here, for the first time, the aggregative adherence pattern of two multidrug resistant (MDR) Citrobacter freundii strains isolated from human patients; importantly, biofilm formation in Citrobacter is totally dependent on the temperature; strong biofilms were formed at room temperature (RT) but not at 37°C, which can play an important role in the colonization of hospital surfaces. In conclusion, our results show that there is a great variety of adhesion phenotypes in multidrug-resistant strains that colonize transplanted patients.
AB - Enterobacteria species are common causes of hospital-acquired infections, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Immunocompromised patients such as solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are especially at risk because they are frequently exposed to antibiotics in the course of their treatments. In this work, we used a collection of 106 Escherichia coli, 78 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 25 Enterobacter spp., and 24 Citrobacter spp. multidrug resistant strains isolated from transplant patients (hepatic, renal or renal/pancreatic) in order to examine their ability to adhere in vitro to HT-29 human colon cells, and to determine if some adhesive characteristics are associated with prevalence and persistence of these strains. A total of 33 E. coli (31%), 21 K. pneumoniae (27%), 7 Enterobacter spp. (28%), and 5 Citrobacter spp. (21%), adhered to the colon epithelial cells. Two main adherence patterns were observed in the four species analyzed, diffuse adherence, and aggregative adherence. Under transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), most bacteria lacked visible fimbria on their surface, despite their strong adherence to epithelial cells. None of the strains studied was able to induce any cytotoxic effect on HT-29 cells although some of them strongly colonizing both cells and glass coverslips at high density. Some of the strains failed to adhere to the epithelial cells but adhered strongly to the cover-slide, which shows that microscopy studies are mandatory to elucidate the adherence of bacteria to epithelial cells in vitro, and that quantitative assays using colony forming unit (CFUs) counting need to be supplemented with pictures to determine definitively if a bacterial strain adheres or not to animal cells in vitro. We report here, for the first time, the aggregative adherence pattern of two multidrug resistant (MDR) Citrobacter freundii strains isolated from human patients; importantly, biofilm formation in Citrobacter is totally dependent on the temperature; strong biofilms were formed at room temperature (RT) but not at 37°C, which can play an important role in the colonization of hospital surfaces. In conclusion, our results show that there is a great variety of adhesion phenotypes in multidrug-resistant strains that colonize transplanted patients.
KW - Citrobacter
KW - Enterobacterales
KW - bacterial adherence
KW - epithelial cells
KW - transplant recipient
KW - virulence factors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091949810&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85091949810&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00447
DO - 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00447
M3 - Article
C2 - 33042855
AN - SCOPUS:85091949810
SN - 2235-2988
VL - 10
JO - Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
JF - Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
M1 - 447
ER -