Advancements and Challenges in Computer-Assisted Navigation for Cervical Spine Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of Perioperative Integration, Complications, and Emerging Technologies

Study Design: A narrative review of the current literature on the application of Computer-Assisted Navigation (CAN) in cervical spine surgeries. Objective: To analyze the perioperative integration, types of CAN systems, technical considerations, and clinical applications of CAN in cervical spine surgeries, as well as to assess the associated complications and potential strategies to minimize these risks. Methods: A comprehensive review of published studies between 2015 and 2024 was conducted to evaluate the usage, benefits, and challenges of CAN in cervical spine surgeries. The review covered perioperative integration, system types, complications, and emerging technologies, including augmented reality (AR) and robotics. Results: The use of CAN in cervical spine surgeries provides improved accuracy in screw placement and reduced neurovascular complications. However, the review identified several limitations, such as a steep learning curve, cost considerations, and potential inaccuracies related to cervical spine mobility. Conclusions: CAN offers significant benefits in cervical spine surgeries, including enhanced precision and reduced complications. Despite the current limitations, advancements in AR and robotics hold promise for improving the safety and effectiveness of CAN in cervical procedures. The future focus should be on overcoming the existing challenges to increase the adoption of CAN in cervical spine surgeries.