An integrative literature review of barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening among refugee women in the United States

Refugee women experience disproportionally high cervical cancer-related mortality. In this integrative review, we identify and discuss factors related to cervical cancer screening among refugee women in the US according to the Social Ecological Model. Two qualitative and three quantitative studies met inclusion criteria. Individual-level factors include English-language ability, availability, and individual knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Interpersonal-level factors include interactions with family/friends, provider, and community health worker. Community-, organization-, and policy-level factors include sociocultural values, transportation, ability to navigate the healthcare system, and health insurance. We discuss findings in the context of related reviews and applicability to other global settings.