TY - JOUR
T1 - Bacteriophage T4 as a Protein-Based, Adjuvant- and Needle-Free, Mucosal Pandemic Vaccine Design Platform
AU - Zhu, Jingen
AU - Tao, Pan
AU - Chopra, Ashok K.
AU - Rao, Venigalla B.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
©opyright © 2024 by the author(s).
PY - 2024/9/26
Y1 - 2024/9/26
N2 - The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed vaccinology. Rapid deployment of mRNA vaccines has saved countless lives. However, these platforms have inherent limitations including lack of durability of immune responses and mucosal immunity, high cost, and thermal instability. These and uncertainties about the nature of future pandemics underscore the need for exploring next-generation vaccine platforms. Here, we present a novel protein-based, bacteriophage T4 platform for rapid design of efficacious vaccines against bacterial and viral pathogens. Full-length antigens can be displayed at high density on a 120 × 86 nm phage capsid through nonessential capsid binding proteins Soc and Hoc. Such nanoparticles, without any adjuvant, induce robust humoral, cellular, and mucosal responses when administered intranasally and confer sterilizing immunity. Combined with structural stability and ease of manufacture, T4 phage provides an excellent needle-free, mucosal pandemic vaccine platform and allows equitable vaccine access to low- and middle-income communities across the globe.
AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed vaccinology. Rapid deployment of mRNA vaccines has saved countless lives. However, these platforms have inherent limitations including lack of durability of immune responses and mucosal immunity, high cost, and thermal instability. These and uncertainties about the nature of future pandemics underscore the need for exploring next-generation vaccine platforms. Here, we present a novel protein-based, bacteriophage T4 platform for rapid design of efficacious vaccines against bacterial and viral pathogens. Full-length antigens can be displayed at high density on a 120 × 86 nm phage capsid through nonessential capsid binding proteins Soc and Hoc. Such nanoparticles, without any adjuvant, induce robust humoral, cellular, and mucosal responses when administered intranasally and confer sterilizing immunity. Combined with structural stability and ease of manufacture, T4 phage provides an excellent needle-free, mucosal pandemic vaccine platform and allows equitable vaccine access to low- and middle-income communities across the globe.
KW - CRISPR engineering
KW - bacteriophage T4 assembly
KW - broad humoral immunity
KW - cellular immunity
KW - mucosal immunity
KW - needle- and adjuvant-free intranasal vaccines
KW - pandemic vaccine design
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U2 - 10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-111145
DO - 10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-111145
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38768614
AN - SCOPUS:85197141452
SN - 2327-056X
VL - 11
SP - 395
EP - 420
JO - Annual Review of Virology
JF - Annual Review of Virology
IS - 1
ER -