TY - JOUR
T1 - Boundaries of the Construct of Unemployment in the Preretirement Years
T2 - Exploring an Expanded Measurement of Lost-Work Opportunity
AU - Voss, Maren Wright
AU - Al Snih, Soham
AU - Li, Wei
AU - Hung, Man
AU - Richards, Lorie Gage
AU - Wang, Mo
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported in part by grant P2CHD065702 from the National Institutes of Health—Eunice K. Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research), the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. None of the authors have any conflict of interest to disclose.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. For permissions please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
PY - 2020/1/1
Y1 - 2020/1/1
N2 - There is uncertainty related to whether retirement negatively affects health - possibly due to complexity around retirement decisions. Lost-work opportunity through unemployment or forced retirement has been shown to negatively affect health. Lost-work opportunity can be captured in two measurement fields, either a reported experience of being forced into retirement or reported unemployment. However, 17% of individuals retiring due to the loss of work opportunity identified in qualitative interviewing (i.e., unemployment, temporary lay-offs, company buy-outs, forced relocations, etc.) do not report this unemployment or involuntary retirement in quantitative survey responses. We propose broadening the conceptualization of late-career unemployment to incorporate other lost work opportunity scenarios. Using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a lost-work opportunity score (LOS) was computed from items indicating unemployment and forced or unplanned retirement. Correlations were computed between this LOS and all continuous variables in the RAND longitudinal compilation of the HRS to determine its convergent and discriminant validity. The LOS demonstrated a Chronbach's alpha of α =. 82 and had convergent validity with constructs of employment (9 variables), finances (36 variables), and health (14 variables), as predicted by the literature on retirement timing. No other continuous variables in the HRS were identified with a moderate or strong correlation to LOS, demonstrating discriminant validity. Further research should explore whether a combination of variables in the HRS can improve the accuracy of measuring lost-work opportunity. Improved precision in measurement, through an expanded conceptualization of lost-work opportunity, may help explicate the retirement-related factors that affect health, to inform policy and support healthy aging decisions at a societal level.
AB - There is uncertainty related to whether retirement negatively affects health - possibly due to complexity around retirement decisions. Lost-work opportunity through unemployment or forced retirement has been shown to negatively affect health. Lost-work opportunity can be captured in two measurement fields, either a reported experience of being forced into retirement or reported unemployment. However, 17% of individuals retiring due to the loss of work opportunity identified in qualitative interviewing (i.e., unemployment, temporary lay-offs, company buy-outs, forced relocations, etc.) do not report this unemployment or involuntary retirement in quantitative survey responses. We propose broadening the conceptualization of late-career unemployment to incorporate other lost work opportunity scenarios. Using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a lost-work opportunity score (LOS) was computed from items indicating unemployment and forced or unplanned retirement. Correlations were computed between this LOS and all continuous variables in the RAND longitudinal compilation of the HRS to determine its convergent and discriminant validity. The LOS demonstrated a Chronbach's alpha of α =. 82 and had convergent validity with constructs of employment (9 variables), finances (36 variables), and health (14 variables), as predicted by the literature on retirement timing. No other continuous variables in the HRS were identified with a moderate or strong correlation to LOS, demonstrating discriminant validity. Further research should explore whether a combination of variables in the HRS can improve the accuracy of measuring lost-work opportunity. Improved precision in measurement, through an expanded conceptualization of lost-work opportunity, may help explicate the retirement-related factors that affect health, to inform policy and support healthy aging decisions at a societal level.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85084551643&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85084551643&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/workar/waz006
DO - 10.1093/workar/waz006
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85084551643
SN - 2054-4650
VL - 6
SP - 59
EP - 63
JO - Work, Aging and Retirement
JF - Work, Aging and Retirement
IS - 1
ER -