Characteristics and outcome of patients presenting with acute Pancreatitis: A one-year descriptive study from a tertiary care center in Lebanon

Aim: To determine the aetiology, hospital course, and outcome of patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis (AP) presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary care center in Lebanon. Patients and Methods: Using a retrospective cross-sectional study design, records of all patients presenting to the ED with elevated lipase over one calendar year (2016) were reviewed. Patients diagnosed with AP according to the revised Atlanta classification were identified. Results: Over one year, a total of 24,133 adult patients visited the ED and 4,976 had serum lipase determination. Of those, 75 patients (mean age 59.4 ± 16.1; range 20–95; M:F 2.1) had confirmed AP accounting for 0.3% of adult ED visits. The most common etiologies were biliary (36%), idiopathic (16%), drugs (13%), and alcohol (11%). Intake of drugs known to be associated with AP was identified in 26% of patients. Alcoholic pancreatitis was more common in males, while biliary pancreatitis was more common in females (p less than 0.05 in both). 63 patients (84%) required regular hospital admission and only 1 (1.3%) required intensive care unit admission and passed away after multiorgan failure. Mean hospital stay was 4.0 ± 4.0 days (range 0–23) with mean hospital charges of $6,637 ± 8,496. Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis accounts for a relatively small number of emergency visits in Lebanon. Leading etiologies are biliary and drugs, with a low contribution of alcohol compared to the West. The economic burden of AP is important, but outcomes appear largely favorable with an overall mortality of less than 2%.