Characterization of the 5′-flanking region of the rat protein kinase C γ gene

The 5′-flanking region of protein kinase C (PKC) γ gene was identified from a rat liver genomic library in a bacteriophage λ Charon 4A. A 3.6-kilobase (kb) genomic fragment containing the 5′-flanking region, first exon, and first intron was isolated and sequenced. The transcriptional initiation site, identified by S1 mapping and primer extension, was located 243 base pairs upstream from the translational initiation site. Promoter activity of a DNA segment spanning the 5′-flanking region was demonstrated by both in vitro transcription using HeLa cell nuclear extracts and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay by transfection of 293 cells with a PKC γ-CAT fusion construct. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay revealed that a fragment of about 0.16 kb from the transcriptional initiation site was sufficient for promoter activity in these cells, and the construct containing up to 1.6 kb from the cap site was expressed at a similar level. This promoter-active fragment contains several regions similar to defined transcriptional elements in other mammalian promoters, such as those for stimulatory protein 1 (Sp1, activator proteins 1 and 2 (AP1 AP2), c-myc, cAMP regulatory element-binding protein (CREB), and enhancer core (EnhC). Investigation of the genomic structure of PKC 7 gene may lead to the identification of cis-elements controlling tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific expression of PKC γ.