TY - JOUR
T1 - Clearance of Persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection in a NFκB-Deficient Patient in Association with the Ingestion of Human Breast Milk
T2 - A Case Report
AU - Sabino, Janine S.
AU - Amorim, Mariene R.
AU - de Souza, William M.
AU - Marega, Lia F.
AU - Mofatto, Luciana S.
AU - Toledo-Teixeira, Daniel A.
AU - Forato, Julia
AU - Stabeli, Rodrigo G.
AU - Costa, Maria Laura
AU - Spilki, Fernando R.
AU - Sabino, Ester C.
AU - Faria, Nuno R.
AU - Benites, Bruno D.
AU - Addas-Carvalho, Marcelo
AU - Stucchi, Raquel S.B.
AU - Vasconcelos, Dewton M.
AU - Weaver, Scott C.
AU - Granja, Fabiana
AU - Proenca-Modena, José Luiz
AU - Vilela, Maria Marluce Dos S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by grants from the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, grant Nos. 2016/00194-8, 2020/04558-0, and 2018/14372-0), the Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão of UNICAMP (FAEPEX-UNICAMP, grant No. 2266/20), MCTI, through the Rede Corona-ômica Brazil/MCTI (funded by the Financier of Studies and Projects [FINEP] grant No. 01.20.0003.00), Rede Vírus/MCTI (FINEP grant No. 01.20.0029.000462/20), the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (grant Nos. 404096/2020-4, 401977/2020 and 382206/2020-7), and by the Medical Research Council and FAPESP-Brazil-UK Center for (Arbo) virus Discovery, Diagnosis, Genomics, and Epidemiology partnership award (MR/S0195/1 and FAPESP 2018/14389-0). J.L.P.-M. is supported by CNPq grant No. 305628/2020-8. W.M.d.S. is supported by the Global Virus Network fellowship. S.C.W. is supported by NIH grant AI120942. M.R.A. and J.F. are recipients of scholarships provided by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Nos. 88887.356527/2019-00 and 88887.513498/2020-00, re-spectively. D.A.T.-T. and L.S.F. are supported by CNPq grant Nos. 141844/2019-1 and 382630/2021-1, respectively.
Funding Information:
Funding: This study was supported by grants from the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, grant Nos. 2016/00194-8, 2020/04558-0, and 2018/14372-0), the Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão of UNICAMP (FAEPEX-UNICAMP, grant No. 2266/20), MCTI, through the Rede Corona-ômica Brazil/MCTI (funded by the Financier of Studies and Projects [FINEP] grant No. 01.20.0003.00), Rede Vírus/MCTI (FINEP grant No. 01.20.0029.000462/20), the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (grant Nos. 404096/2020-4, 401977/2020 and 382206/2020-7), and by the Medical Research Council and FAPESP-Brazil-UK Center for (Arbo) virus Discovery, Diagnosis, Genomics, and Epidemiology partnership award (MR/S0195/1 and FAPESP 2018/14389-0). J.L.P.-M. is supported by CNPq grant No. 305628/2020-8. W.M.d.S. is supported by the Global Virus Network fellowship. S.C.W. is supported by NIH grant AI120942. M.R.A. and J.F. are recipients of scholarships provided by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoa-mento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Nos. 88887.356527/2019-00 and 88887.513498/2020-00, respectively. D.A.T.-T. and L.S.F. are supported by CNPq grant Nos. 141844/2019-1 and 382630/2021-1, respectively.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - Currently, there are no evidence-based treatment options for long COVID-19, and it is known that SARS-CoV-2 can persist in part of the infected patients, especially those with immuno-suppression. Since there is a robust secretion of SARS-CoV-2-specific highly-neutralizing IgA antibodies in breast milk, and because this immunoglobulin plays an essential role against respiratory virus infection in mucosa cells, being, in addition, more potent in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 than IgG, here we report the clinical course of an NFκB-deficient patient chronically infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant, who, after a non-full effective treatment with plasma infusion, received breast milk from a vaccinated mother by oral route as treatment for COVID-19. After such treatment, the symptoms improved, and the patient was systematically tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Thus, we hypothesize that IgA and IgG secreted antibodies present in breast milk could be useful to treat persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunodeficient patients.
AB - Currently, there are no evidence-based treatment options for long COVID-19, and it is known that SARS-CoV-2 can persist in part of the infected patients, especially those with immuno-suppression. Since there is a robust secretion of SARS-CoV-2-specific highly-neutralizing IgA antibodies in breast milk, and because this immunoglobulin plays an essential role against respiratory virus infection in mucosa cells, being, in addition, more potent in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 than IgG, here we report the clinical course of an NFκB-deficient patient chronically infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant, who, after a non-full effective treatment with plasma infusion, received breast milk from a vaccinated mother by oral route as treatment for COVID-19. After such treatment, the symptoms improved, and the patient was systematically tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Thus, we hypothesize that IgA and IgG secreted antibodies present in breast milk could be useful to treat persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunodeficient patients.
KW - IgA
KW - NFκB-deficiency
KW - breast milk
KW - immunosuppression
KW - persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130727180&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85130727180&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/v14051042
DO - 10.3390/v14051042
M3 - Article
C2 - 35632784
AN - SCOPUS:85130727180
SN - 1999-4915
VL - 14
JO - Viruses
JF - Viruses
IS - 5
M1 - 1042
ER -