Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality

Negar Moradian; Mahdi Gouravani; Mohammad Amin Salehi; Arash Heidari; Melika Shafeghat; Michael R. Hamblin; Nima Rezaei

doi:10.1684/ecn.2020.0451

Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality

Negar Moradian, Mahdi Gouravani, Mohammad Amin Salehi, Arash Heidari, Melika Shafeghat, Michael R. Hamblin, Nima Rezaei

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

41 Scopus citations

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reached pandemic proportions at the beginning of 2020 and continues to be a worldwide concern. End organ damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the leading causes of death in severely or critically ill patients. The elevated cytokine levels in severe patients in comparison with mildly affected patients suggest that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurs in the severe form of the disease. In this paper, the significant role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and their mechanism of action in the CRS cascade is explained. Potential therapeutic approaches involving anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies to fight COVID-19 and reduce mortality rate in severe cases are also discussed.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	81-93
Number of pages	13
Journal	European Cytokine Network
Volume	31
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1684/ecn.2020.0451
State	Published - Sep 2020
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

COVID-19
Corona virus
cytokine release syndrome
treatment

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Immunology and Allergy
Immunology
Clinical Biochemistry

Access to Document

10.1684/ecn.2020.0451

Cite this

@article{2957793e6c3f4d47bdefd172931ab021,

title = "Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality",

abstract = "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reached pandemic proportions at the beginning of 2020 and continues to be a worldwide concern. End organ damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the leading causes of death in severely or critically ill patients. The elevated cytokine levels in severe patients in comparison with mildly affected patients suggest that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurs in the severe form of the disease. In this paper, the significant role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and their mechanism of action in the CRS cascade is explained. Potential therapeutic approaches involving anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies to fight COVID-19 and reduce mortality rate in severe cases are also discussed.",

keywords = "COVID-19, Corona virus, cytokine release syndrome, treatment",

author = "Negar Moradian and Mahdi Gouravani and Salehi, {Mohammad Amin} and Arash Heidari and Melika Shafeghat and Hamblin, {Michael R.} and Nima Rezaei",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020, JLE/Springer.",

year = "2020",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1684/ecn.2020.0451",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "31",

pages = "81--93",

journal = "European Cytokine Network",

issn = "1148-5493",

publisher = "John Libbey Eurotext",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Cytokine release syndrome

T2 - inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality

AU - Moradian, Negar

AU - Gouravani, Mahdi

AU - Salehi, Mohammad Amin

AU - Heidari, Arash

AU - Shafeghat, Melika

AU - Hamblin, Michael R.

AU - Rezaei, Nima

PY - 2020/9

Y1 - 2020/9

N2 - Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reached pandemic proportions at the beginning of 2020 and continues to be a worldwide concern. End organ damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the leading causes of death in severely or critically ill patients. The elevated cytokine levels in severe patients in comparison with mildly affected patients suggest that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurs in the severe form of the disease. In this paper, the significant role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and their mechanism of action in the CRS cascade is explained. Potential therapeutic approaches involving anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies to fight COVID-19 and reduce mortality rate in severe cases are also discussed.

AB - Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reached pandemic proportions at the beginning of 2020 and continues to be a worldwide concern. End organ damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the leading causes of death in severely or critically ill patients. The elevated cytokine levels in severe patients in comparison with mildly affected patients suggest that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurs in the severe form of the disease. In this paper, the significant role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and their mechanism of action in the CRS cascade is explained. Potential therapeutic approaches involving anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies to fight COVID-19 and reduce mortality rate in severe cases are also discussed.

KW - COVID-19

KW - Corona virus

KW - cytokine release syndrome

KW - treatment

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85098957777&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85098957777&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1684/ecn.2020.0451

DO - 10.1684/ecn.2020.0451

M3 - Review article

C2 - 33361013

AN - SCOPUS:85098957777

SN - 1148-5493

VL - 31

SP - 81

EP - 93

JO - European Cytokine Network

JF - European Cytokine Network

IS - 3

ER -

Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this