Diagnostic approach to the confused elderly patient

D. V. Espino, A. C.A. Jules-Bradley, C. L. Johnston, C. P. Mouton

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

25 Scopus citations

Abstract

Confusion in the elderly patient is usually a symptom of delirium or dementia, but it may also occur in major depression and psychoses. Until another cause is identified, the confused patients should be assumed to have delirium, which is often reversible with treatment of the underlying disorder. Causes of delirium include metabolic disorders, infections and medications. Thyroid dysfunction, vitamin deficiencies and normal-pressure hydrocephalus are some potentially reversible causes of dementia. Major irreversible causes include Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system damage and human immunodeficiency virus infection. All but the rarest causes of confusion can usually be identified based on the complete history, medication review, physical examination, mental status evaluation and laboratory evaluation with longitudinal reevaluation.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1358-1366
Number of pages9
JournalAmerican family physician
Volume57
Issue number6
StatePublished - Mar 15 1998
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Family Practice

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