Abstract
Rationale: 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-hg) exists as enantiomers and can readily undergo cyclization to its lactone. Gas chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS) has been used to separate 2-hg enantiomers in bodily fluids but the assay cannot simultaneously measure cyclic and acylic 2-hg enantiomers. Furthermore, the assignment of ion structures was not verified by complementary MS data. Methods: GC/EI-MS and product ion analysis were used to obtain MS and MS/MS spectra of 2-hg, deuterated and 13C-labeled 2-hg, and 2-hg lactone. Ion structures and EI fragmentation mechanisms were determined by fragmentation pattern and isotopologue comparisons. Using the EI data, a GC/MS/MS assay was developed to separate and detect 2-hg enantiomers and 2-hg lactone enantiomers in blood and urine using a cyclodextrin capillary column. Results: A new ion structure was predicted for the 85 m/z fragment than what was previously hypothesized, and the 117 m/z ion was the only fragment unique to the linear 2-hg compound. MS/MS data suggested that the majority of the fragments were the result of secondary fragmentation. Finally, separation of serum and urine 2-hg and 2-hg lactone enantiomers was achieved, and the acyclic 2-hg compound was found to be the major compound detected, though the amount of lactone detected was considerable in a number of samples. Conclusions: Unique EI fragmentation pathways for both 2-hg and the 2-hg lactone have been described. Subsequently, the GC/MS/MS assay presented herein has significant potential as a novel clinical assay as it separates and detects both 2-hg enantiomers and the 2-hg lactone enantiomers, a capability which has not been previously demonstrated by any other assay to date.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1401-1409 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry |
| Volume | 33 |
| Issue number | 17 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2019 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Analytical Chemistry
- Spectroscopy
- Organic Chemistry
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Differentiation of 2-hydroxyglutarate enantiomers and its lactones by gas chromatography/electron ionization tandem mass spectrometry. / Strain, Shinji K.; Groves, Morris D.; Emmett, Mark.
In: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 33, No. 17, 01.01.2019, p. 1401-1409.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Differentiation of 2-hydroxyglutarate enantiomers and its lactones by gas chromatography/electron ionization tandem mass spectrometry
AU - Strain, Shinji K.
AU - Groves, Morris D.
AU - Emmett, Mark
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - Rationale: 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-hg) exists as enantiomers and can readily undergo cyclization to its lactone. Gas chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS) has been used to separate 2-hg enantiomers in bodily fluids but the assay cannot simultaneously measure cyclic and acylic 2-hg enantiomers. Furthermore, the assignment of ion structures was not verified by complementary MS data. Methods: GC/EI-MS and product ion analysis were used to obtain MS and MS/MS spectra of 2-hg, deuterated and 13C-labeled 2-hg, and 2-hg lactone. Ion structures and EI fragmentation mechanisms were determined by fragmentation pattern and isotopologue comparisons. Using the EI data, a GC/MS/MS assay was developed to separate and detect 2-hg enantiomers and 2-hg lactone enantiomers in blood and urine using a cyclodextrin capillary column. Results: A new ion structure was predicted for the 85 m/z fragment than what was previously hypothesized, and the 117 m/z ion was the only fragment unique to the linear 2-hg compound. MS/MS data suggested that the majority of the fragments were the result of secondary fragmentation. Finally, separation of serum and urine 2-hg and 2-hg lactone enantiomers was achieved, and the acyclic 2-hg compound was found to be the major compound detected, though the amount of lactone detected was considerable in a number of samples. Conclusions: Unique EI fragmentation pathways for both 2-hg and the 2-hg lactone have been described. Subsequently, the GC/MS/MS assay presented herein has significant potential as a novel clinical assay as it separates and detects both 2-hg enantiomers and the 2-hg lactone enantiomers, a capability which has not been previously demonstrated by any other assay to date.
AB - Rationale: 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-hg) exists as enantiomers and can readily undergo cyclization to its lactone. Gas chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS) has been used to separate 2-hg enantiomers in bodily fluids but the assay cannot simultaneously measure cyclic and acylic 2-hg enantiomers. Furthermore, the assignment of ion structures was not verified by complementary MS data. Methods: GC/EI-MS and product ion analysis were used to obtain MS and MS/MS spectra of 2-hg, deuterated and 13C-labeled 2-hg, and 2-hg lactone. Ion structures and EI fragmentation mechanisms were determined by fragmentation pattern and isotopologue comparisons. Using the EI data, a GC/MS/MS assay was developed to separate and detect 2-hg enantiomers and 2-hg lactone enantiomers in blood and urine using a cyclodextrin capillary column. Results: A new ion structure was predicted for the 85 m/z fragment than what was previously hypothesized, and the 117 m/z ion was the only fragment unique to the linear 2-hg compound. MS/MS data suggested that the majority of the fragments were the result of secondary fragmentation. Finally, separation of serum and urine 2-hg and 2-hg lactone enantiomers was achieved, and the acyclic 2-hg compound was found to be the major compound detected, though the amount of lactone detected was considerable in a number of samples. Conclusions: Unique EI fragmentation pathways for both 2-hg and the 2-hg lactone have been described. Subsequently, the GC/MS/MS assay presented herein has significant potential as a novel clinical assay as it separates and detects both 2-hg enantiomers and the 2-hg lactone enantiomers, a capability which has not been previously demonstrated by any other assay to date.
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U2 - 10.1002/rcm.8485
DO - 10.1002/rcm.8485
M3 - Article
C2 - 31148247
AN - SCOPUS:85070352309
VL - 33
SP - 1401
EP - 1409
JO - Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
JF - Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
SN - 0951-4198
IS - 17
ER -