TY - JOUR
T1 - Effectiveness of COVID-19 Booster on the Risk of Hospitalization Among Medicare Beneficiaries
AU - Mehta, Hemalkumar B.
AU - Li, Shuang
AU - Goodwin, James S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
PY - 2022/10
Y1 - 2022/10
N2 - Objective: To determine the effectiveness of booster vaccinations on the risk of hospitalization with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and how it varies by enrollee characteristics and interval from the initial vaccination to receipt of a booster. Patients and Methods: This cohort study used 100% Medicare claims from January 1, 2020, through December 31, 2021, and matched 3,940,475 individuals who received boosters to 3,940,475 controls based on week and type of original COVID-19 vaccine and demographic and clinical characteristics. We compared the association of booster vs no booster with COVID-19 hospitalization using Cox proportional hazards regression models controlling for patient characteristics. We also determined the association of time from original vaccine to booster with COVID-19 hospitalization. Results: Over a maximum of 130 days of follow-up, boosted enrollees had 8.20 (95% CI, 7.81 to 8.60) COVID-19 hospitalizations per million days vs 43.70 (95% CI, 42.79 to 44.64) for controls (81% effectiveness). Effectiveness varied by race, prior hospitalizations, and certain comorbidities, for example, leukemia/lymphoma (53% effectiveness), autoimmune disease (73%), and dementia (73%). Boosters received between 6 and 9 months after original vaccination varied between 81% and 85% effectiveness, while boosters received at 5 to 6 months (62%) or less than 5 months (58%) were less effective. Conclusion: Boosters are highly effective in the Medicare population. Approximately 69,225 hospitalizations would be prevented by boosters in the 15 million individuals aged 65 years or older currently not boosted in a period similar to the September 2020 through January 2021 period studied. Boosters provided the greatest benefits if they were received between 6 and 9 months following original vaccinations. However, boosters were associated with substantial decreases in COVID-19 hospitalizations in all categories of enrollees.
AB - Objective: To determine the effectiveness of booster vaccinations on the risk of hospitalization with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and how it varies by enrollee characteristics and interval from the initial vaccination to receipt of a booster. Patients and Methods: This cohort study used 100% Medicare claims from January 1, 2020, through December 31, 2021, and matched 3,940,475 individuals who received boosters to 3,940,475 controls based on week and type of original COVID-19 vaccine and demographic and clinical characteristics. We compared the association of booster vs no booster with COVID-19 hospitalization using Cox proportional hazards regression models controlling for patient characteristics. We also determined the association of time from original vaccine to booster with COVID-19 hospitalization. Results: Over a maximum of 130 days of follow-up, boosted enrollees had 8.20 (95% CI, 7.81 to 8.60) COVID-19 hospitalizations per million days vs 43.70 (95% CI, 42.79 to 44.64) for controls (81% effectiveness). Effectiveness varied by race, prior hospitalizations, and certain comorbidities, for example, leukemia/lymphoma (53% effectiveness), autoimmune disease (73%), and dementia (73%). Boosters received between 6 and 9 months after original vaccination varied between 81% and 85% effectiveness, while boosters received at 5 to 6 months (62%) or less than 5 months (58%) were less effective. Conclusion: Boosters are highly effective in the Medicare population. Approximately 69,225 hospitalizations would be prevented by boosters in the 15 million individuals aged 65 years or older currently not boosted in a period similar to the September 2020 through January 2021 period studied. Boosters provided the greatest benefits if they were received between 6 and 9 months following original vaccinations. However, boosters were associated with substantial decreases in COVID-19 hospitalizations in all categories of enrollees.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138784803&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85138784803&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.06.029
DO - 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.06.029
M3 - Article
C2 - 36202492
AN - SCOPUS:85138784803
SN - 0025-6196
VL - 97
SP - 1780
EP - 1793
JO - Mayo Clinic Proceedings
JF - Mayo Clinic Proceedings
IS - 10
ER -