@article{3fb54760f2fa4ab9aa1c3ce5508fcde7,
title = "Establishment of an African green monkey model for COVID-19 and protection against re-infection",
abstract = "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for an unprecedented global pandemic of COVID-19. Animal models are urgently needed to study the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and to screen vaccines and treatments. We show that African green monkeys (AGMs) support robust SARS-CoV-2 replication and develop pronounced respiratory disease, which may more accurately reflect human COVID-19 cases than other nonhuman primate species. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in mucosal samples, including rectal swabs, as late as 15 days after exposure. Marked inflammation and coagulopathy in blood and tissues were prominent features. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated stimulation of interferon and interleukin-6 pathways in bronchoalveolar lavage samples and repression of natural killer cell- and T cell–associated transcripts in peripheral blood. Despite a slight waning in antibody titers after primary challenge, enhanced antibody and cellular responses contributed to rapid clearance after re-challenge with an identical strain. These data support the utility of AGM for studying COVID-19 pathogenesis and testing medical countermeasures.",
author = "Courtney Woolsey and Viktoriya Borisevich and Prasad, {Abhishek N.} and Agans, {Krystle N.} and Deer, {Daniel J.} and Dobias, {Natalie S.} and Heymann, {John C.} and Foster, {Stephanie L.} and Levine, {Corri B.} and Liana Medina and Kevin Melody and Geisbert, {Joan B.} and Fenton, {Karla A.} and Geisbert, {Thomas W.} and Cross, {Robert W.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the UTMB Animal Resource Center for veterinary support and surgical implantation of temperature data loggers, as well as husbandry support. We thank V. Menachery, S. Makino, C.-T. Tseng, T. Ksiazek and K. Narayanan for their valuable insight and technical assistance with coronavirus protocols. The virus used in this publication was kindly provided by the European Virus Archive Goes Global project that has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 653316. We thank L. Branco and M. Boisen (Zalgen Labs) for generously providing the SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleoprotein ELISA assays. The following reagent was produced under HHSN272201400008C and obtained through BEI Resources, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health: spike glycoprotein RBD from SARS-Related Coronavirus 2, Wuhan-Hu-1 with C-terminal histidine tag, recombinant from HEK293F cells, NR-52366. This study was supported by funds from the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UTMB, to T.W.G. Operations support of the Galveston National Laboratory was provided by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ National Institutes of Health grant UC7AI094660.",
year = "2021",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1038/s41590-020-00835-8",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "22",
pages = "86--98",
journal = "Nature Immunology",
issn = "1529-2908",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}