TY - JOUR
T1 - Ethnic and racial differences in self-reported symptoms, health status, activity level, and missed work at 3 and 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection
AU - O’Laughlin, Kelli N.
AU - Klabbers, Robin E.
AU - Ebna Mannan, Imtiaz
AU - Gentile, Nicole L.
AU - Geyer, Rachel E.
AU - Zheng, Zihan
AU - Yu, Huihui
AU - Li, Shu Xia
AU - Chan, Kwun C.G.
AU - Spatz, Erica S.
AU - Wang, Ralph C.
AU - L’Hommedieu, Michelle
AU - Weinstein, Robert A.
AU - Plumb, Ian D.
AU - Gottlieb, Michael
AU - Huebinger, Ryan M.
AU - Hagen, Melissa
AU - Elmore, Joann G.
AU - Hill, Mandy J.
AU - Kelly, Morgan
AU - McDonald, Samuel
AU - Rising, Kristin L.
AU - Rodriguez, Robert M.
AU - Venkatesh, Arjun
AU - Idris, Ahamed H.
AU - Santangelo, Michelle
AU - Koo, Katherine
AU - Saydah, Sharon
AU - Nichol, Graham
AU - Stephens, Kari A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2024 O’Laughlin, Klabbers, Ebna Mannan, Gentile, Geyer, Zheng, Yu, Li, Chan, Spatz, Wang, L’Hommedieu, Weinstein, Plumb, Gottlieb, Huebinger, Hagen, Elmore, Hill, Kelly, McDonald, Rising, Rodriguez, Venkatesh, Idris, Santangelo, Koo, Saydah, Nichol, Stephens and the INSPIRE Group.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Introduction: Data on ethnic and racial differences in symptoms and health-related impacts following SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited. We aimed to estimate the ethnic and racial differences in symptoms and health-related impacts 3 and 6 months after the first SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Participants included adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection enrolled in a prospective multicenter US study between 12/11/2020 and 7/4/2022 as the primary cohort of interest, as well as a SARS-CoV-2-negative cohort to account for non-SARS-CoV-2-infection impacts, who completed enrollment and 3-month surveys (N = 3,161; 2,402 SARS-CoV-2-positive, 759 SARS-CoV-2-negative). Marginal odds ratios were estimated using GEE logistic regression for individual symptoms, health status, activity level, and missed work 3 and 6 months after COVID-19 illness, comparing each ethnicity or race to the referent group (non-Hispanic or white), adjusting for demographic factors, social determinants of health, substance use, pre-existing health conditions, SARS-CoV-2 infection status, COVID-19 vaccination status, and survey time point, with interactions between ethnicity or race and time point, ethnicity or race and SARS-CoV-2 infection status, and SARS-CoV-2 infection status and time point. Results: Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the majority of symptoms were similar over time between ethnic and racial groups. At 3 months, Hispanic participants were more likely than non-Hispanic participants to report fair/poor health (OR: 1.94; 95%CI: 1.36–2.78) and reduced activity (somewhat less, OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.06–2.02; much less, OR: 2.23; 95%CI: 1.38–3.61). At 6 months, differences by ethnicity were not present. At 3 months, Other/Multiple race participants were more likely than white participants to report fair/poor health (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.25–2.88), reduced activity (somewhat less, OR: 1.72; 95%CI: 1.21–2.46; much less, OR: 2.08; 95%CI: 1.18–3.65). At 6 months, Asian participants were more likely than white participants to report fair/poor health (OR: 1.88; 95%CI: 1.13–3.12); Black participants reported more missed work (OR, 2.83; 95%CI: 1.60–5.00); and Other/Multiple race participants reported more fair/poor health (OR: 1.83; 95%CI: 1.10–3.05), reduced activity (somewhat less, OR: 1.60; 95%CI: 1.02–2.51; much less, OR: 2.49; 95%CI: 1.40–4.44), and more missed work (OR: 2.25; 95%CI: 1.27–3.98). Discussion: Awareness of ethnic and racial differences in outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection may inform clinical and public health efforts to advance health equity in long-term outcomes.
AB - Introduction: Data on ethnic and racial differences in symptoms and health-related impacts following SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited. We aimed to estimate the ethnic and racial differences in symptoms and health-related impacts 3 and 6 months after the first SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Participants included adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection enrolled in a prospective multicenter US study between 12/11/2020 and 7/4/2022 as the primary cohort of interest, as well as a SARS-CoV-2-negative cohort to account for non-SARS-CoV-2-infection impacts, who completed enrollment and 3-month surveys (N = 3,161; 2,402 SARS-CoV-2-positive, 759 SARS-CoV-2-negative). Marginal odds ratios were estimated using GEE logistic regression for individual symptoms, health status, activity level, and missed work 3 and 6 months after COVID-19 illness, comparing each ethnicity or race to the referent group (non-Hispanic or white), adjusting for demographic factors, social determinants of health, substance use, pre-existing health conditions, SARS-CoV-2 infection status, COVID-19 vaccination status, and survey time point, with interactions between ethnicity or race and time point, ethnicity or race and SARS-CoV-2 infection status, and SARS-CoV-2 infection status and time point. Results: Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the majority of symptoms were similar over time between ethnic and racial groups. At 3 months, Hispanic participants were more likely than non-Hispanic participants to report fair/poor health (OR: 1.94; 95%CI: 1.36–2.78) and reduced activity (somewhat less, OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.06–2.02; much less, OR: 2.23; 95%CI: 1.38–3.61). At 6 months, differences by ethnicity were not present. At 3 months, Other/Multiple race participants were more likely than white participants to report fair/poor health (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.25–2.88), reduced activity (somewhat less, OR: 1.72; 95%CI: 1.21–2.46; much less, OR: 2.08; 95%CI: 1.18–3.65). At 6 months, Asian participants were more likely than white participants to report fair/poor health (OR: 1.88; 95%CI: 1.13–3.12); Black participants reported more missed work (OR, 2.83; 95%CI: 1.60–5.00); and Other/Multiple race participants reported more fair/poor health (OR: 1.83; 95%CI: 1.10–3.05), reduced activity (somewhat less, OR: 1.60; 95%CI: 1.02–2.51; much less, OR: 2.49; 95%CI: 1.40–4.44), and more missed work (OR: 2.25; 95%CI: 1.27–3.98). Discussion: Awareness of ethnic and racial differences in outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection may inform clinical and public health efforts to advance health equity in long-term outcomes.
KW - cohort
KW - COVID-19
KW - disparities
KW - ethnicity
KW - race
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - survey
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85184733592
UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85184733592&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1324636
DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1324636
M3 - Article
C2 - 38352132
AN - SCOPUS:85184733592
SN - 2296-2565
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in Public Health
JF - Frontiers in Public Health
M1 - 1324636
ER -