FAT10, a ubiquitin-independent signal for proteasomal degradation

Mark Steffen Hipp, Birte Kalveram, Shahri Raasi, Marcus Groettrup, Gunter Schmidtke

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

140 Scopus citations

Abstract

FAT10 is a small ubiquitin-like modifier that is encoded in the major histocompatibility complex and is synergistically inducible by tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon. It is composed of two ubiquitin-like domains and possesses a free C-terminal diglycine motif that is required for the formation of FAT10 conjugates. Here we show that unconjugated FAT10 and a FAT10 conjugate were rapidly degraded by the proteasome at a similar rate. Fusion of FAT10 to the N terminus of very long-lived proteins enhanced their degradation rate as potently as fusion with ubiquitin did. FAT10-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins were not cleaved but entirely degraded, suggesting that FAT10-specific deconjugating enzymes were not present in the analyzed cell lines. Interestingly, the prevention of ubiquitylation of FAT10 by mutation of all lysines or by expression in ubiquitylation-deficient cells did not affect FAT10 degradation. Thus, conjugation with FAT10 is an alternative and ubiquitin-independent targeting mechanism for degradation by the proteasome, which, in contrast to polyubiquitylation, is cytokine inducible and irreversible.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)3483-3491
Number of pages9
JournalMolecular and cellular biology
Volume25
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2005
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

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