From Artificial Intelligence to Quantum Computing: Promise and Prudence in the Field of Cardiovascular Medicine

Classical digital systems operate using bits that take values of either 0 or 1. These bits store information in a binary, deterministic framework in which at any moment, each bit is firmly in one state or the other. Classical processors then manipulate these bits using logic gates to perform calculations.¹ This architecture is robust and intuitive, but certain biomedical problems such as molecular simulation, high- dimensional optimization, and reconstruction of noisy imaging data quickly become computationally intractable because classical systems must evaluate possibilities one at a time.