From promise to pitfalls: immunological lessons from dengue vaccines and their implications

Cassia F. Estofolete; Marielena V. Saivish; Maurício L. Nogueira; Nikos Vasilakis

doi:10.1038/s41541-026-01400-4

From promise to pitfalls: immunological lessons from dengue vaccines and their implications

Cassia F. Estofolete
, Marielena V. Saivish
, Maurício L. Nogueira
, Nikos Vasilakis

Pathology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

Dengue continues to pose a significant global health threat. However, the development of a safe and effective tetravalent vaccine is impeded by complex serotype-specific and cross-reactive immune responses. This review assesses licensed and advanced dengue vaccines, emphasizing serostatus-dependent safety, serotype imbalance, and the durability of protection. It also critically evaluates immunological correlates of protection and addresses remaining obstacles, such as vector-mediated immune modulation and orthoflavivirus cross-reactivity, to guide future dengue vaccine strategies.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	68
Journal	npj Vaccines
Volume	11
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01400-4
State	Published - Dec 2026

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Immunology
Pharmacology
Infectious Diseases
Pharmacology (medical)

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Cite this

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abstract = "Dengue continues to pose a significant global health threat. However, the development of a safe and effective tetravalent vaccine is impeded by complex serotype-specific and cross-reactive immune responses. This review assesses licensed and advanced dengue vaccines, emphasizing serostatus-dependent safety, serotype imbalance, and the durability of protection. It also critically evaluates immunological correlates of protection and addresses remaining obstacles, such as vector-mediated immune modulation and orthoflavivirus cross-reactivity, to guide future dengue vaccine strategies.",

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AU - Vasilakis, Nikos

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2026.

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AB - Dengue continues to pose a significant global health threat. However, the development of a safe and effective tetravalent vaccine is impeded by complex serotype-specific and cross-reactive immune responses. This review assesses licensed and advanced dengue vaccines, emphasizing serostatus-dependent safety, serotype imbalance, and the durability of protection. It also critically evaluates immunological correlates of protection and addresses remaining obstacles, such as vector-mediated immune modulation and orthoflavivirus cross-reactivity, to guide future dengue vaccine strategies.

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From promise to pitfalls: immunological lessons from dengue vaccines and their implications

Abstract

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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