TY - JOUR
T1 - Generation, Transmission, and Regulation of Mechanical Forces in Embryonic Morphogenesis
AU - Sutlive, Joseph
AU - Xiu, Haning
AU - Chen, Yunfeng
AU - Gou, Kun
AU - Xiong, Fengzhu
AU - Guo, Ming
AU - Chen, Zi
N1 - Funding Information:
J.S., H.X., and Y.C. contributed equally to this work. Z.C. would like to acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation (Award #2025434). Y.C. would like to acknowledge the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL153678. M.G. would like to acknowledge the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (1R01GM140108).
Funding Information:
J.S., H.X., and Y.C. contributed equally to this work. Z.C. would like to acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation (Award #2025434). Y.C. would like to acknowledge the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL153678. M.G. would like to acknowledge the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (1R01GM140108).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
PY - 2022/2/10
Y1 - 2022/2/10
N2 - Embryonic morphogenesis is a biological process which depicts shape forming of tissues and organs during development. Unveiling the roles of mechanical forces generated, transmitted, and regulated in cells and tissues through these processes is key to understanding the biophysical mechanisms governing morphogenesis. To this end, it is imperative to measure, simulate, and predict the regulation and control of these mechanical forces during morphogenesis. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances on mechanical properties of cells and tissues, generation of mechanical forces in cells and tissues, the transmission processes of these generated forces during cells and tissues, the tools and methods used to measure and predict these mechanical forces in vivo, in vitro, or in silico, and to better understand the corresponding regulation and control of generated forces. Understanding the biomechanics and mechanobiology of morphogenesis will not only shed light on the fundamental physical mechanisms underlying these concerted biological processes during normal development, but also uncover new information that will benefit biomedical research in preventing and treating congenital defects or tissue engineering and regeneration.
AB - Embryonic morphogenesis is a biological process which depicts shape forming of tissues and organs during development. Unveiling the roles of mechanical forces generated, transmitted, and regulated in cells and tissues through these processes is key to understanding the biophysical mechanisms governing morphogenesis. To this end, it is imperative to measure, simulate, and predict the regulation and control of these mechanical forces during morphogenesis. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances on mechanical properties of cells and tissues, generation of mechanical forces in cells and tissues, the transmission processes of these generated forces during cells and tissues, the tools and methods used to measure and predict these mechanical forces in vivo, in vitro, or in silico, and to better understand the corresponding regulation and control of generated forces. Understanding the biomechanics and mechanobiology of morphogenesis will not only shed light on the fundamental physical mechanisms underlying these concerted biological processes during normal development, but also uncover new information that will benefit biomedical research in preventing and treating congenital defects or tissue engineering and regeneration.
KW - biomechanics
KW - embryonic development
KW - gastrulation
KW - mechanotransduction
KW - morphogenesis
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U2 - 10.1002/smll.202103466
DO - 10.1002/smll.202103466
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34837328
AN - SCOPUS:85119965454
SN - 1613-6810
VL - 18
JO - Small
JF - Small
IS - 6
M1 - 2103466
ER -