Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in Nigeria in 2015: evidence of widespread circulation of WA2 clade 2.3.2.1c

Ismaila Shittu; Clement A. Meseko; Dorcas A. Gado; Abraham K. Olawuyi; Chinonyerem N. Chinyere; Emmanuel Anefu; Ponman Solomon; Philip A. Okewole; David Shamaki; Tony M. Joannis

doi:10.1007/s00705-016-3149-4

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in Nigeria in 2015: evidence of widespread circulation of WA2 clade 2.3.2.1c

Ismaila Shittu, Clement A. Meseko, Dorcas A. Gado, Abraham K. Olawuyi, Chinonyerem N. Chinyere, Emmanuel Anefu, Ponman Solomon, Philip A. Okewole, David Shamaki, Tony M. Joannis

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11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Genetic analysis of the complete haemagglutinin (HA) gene of fourteen Nigerian avian influenza isolates showed multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site (³²¹PQRERRRK^delR*GLF³³³), characteristic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Substitution of Gln to Lys at position 322 (H5-specific numbering) was identified in one isolate. In some isolates, amino acid substitutions were observed across the HA gene, however the receptor binding, antigenic and glycosylation sites were conserved in all. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two clusters of the HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c. Cluster I has close genetic relatedness (97.8–99.8%) with viruses circulating in some West Africa countries. Cluster II shared close identity (98.9–100.0%) with isolates from Europe, Côte d’Ivoire and Niger and viruses from this cluster were detected in five of the eleven states investigated in Nigeria. In view of the continuous HPAI outbreaks being recorded in Nigerian poultry and the zoonotic potential of the virus, extensive and continued characterization of HPAI isolates is advocated.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	841-847
Number of pages	7
Journal	Archives of virology
Volume	162
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-3149-4
State	Published - Mar 1 2017
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Clade 2.3.2.1c
Evolution
H5N1
Haemagglutinin gene
Highly pathogenic avian influenza
Nigeria

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Virology

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10.1007/s00705-016-3149-4

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title = "Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in Nigeria in 2015: evidence of widespread circulation of WA2 clade 2.3.2.1c",

abstract = "Genetic analysis of the complete haemagglutinin (HA) gene of fourteen Nigerian avian influenza isolates showed multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site (321PQRERRRKdelR*GLF333), characteristic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Substitution of Gln to Lys at position 322 (H5-specific numbering) was identified in one isolate. In some isolates, amino acid substitutions were observed across the HA gene, however the receptor binding, antigenic and glycosylation sites were conserved in all. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two clusters of the HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c. Cluster I has close genetic relatedness (97.8–99.8%) with viruses circulating in some West Africa countries. Cluster II shared close identity (98.9–100.0%) with isolates from Europe, C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Ivoire and Niger and viruses from this cluster were detected in five of the eleven states investigated in Nigeria. In view of the continuous HPAI outbreaks being recorded in Nigerian poultry and the zoonotic potential of the virus, extensive and continued characterization of HPAI isolates is advocated.",

keywords = "Clade 2.3.2.1c, Evolution, H5N1, Haemagglutinin gene, Highly pathogenic avian influenza, Nigeria",

author = "Ismaila Shittu and Meseko, {Clement A.} and Gado, {Dorcas A.} and Olawuyi, {Abraham K.} and Chinyere, {Chinonyerem N.} and Emmanuel Anefu and Ponman Solomon and Okewole, {Philip A.} and David Shamaki and Joannis, {Tony M.}",

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T1 - Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in Nigeria in 2015

T2 - evidence of widespread circulation of WA2 clade 2.3.2.1c

AU - Shittu, Ismaila

AU - Meseko, Clement A.

AU - Gado, Dorcas A.

AU - Olawuyi, Abraham K.

AU - Chinyere, Chinonyerem N.

AU - Anefu, Emmanuel

AU - Solomon, Ponman

AU - Okewole, Philip A.

AU - Shamaki, David

AU - Joannis, Tony M.

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N2 - Genetic analysis of the complete haemagglutinin (HA) gene of fourteen Nigerian avian influenza isolates showed multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site (321PQRERRRKdelR*GLF333), characteristic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Substitution of Gln to Lys at position 322 (H5-specific numbering) was identified in one isolate. In some isolates, amino acid substitutions were observed across the HA gene, however the receptor binding, antigenic and glycosylation sites were conserved in all. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two clusters of the HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c. Cluster I has close genetic relatedness (97.8–99.8%) with viruses circulating in some West Africa countries. Cluster II shared close identity (98.9–100.0%) with isolates from Europe, Côte d’Ivoire and Niger and viruses from this cluster were detected in five of the eleven states investigated in Nigeria. In view of the continuous HPAI outbreaks being recorded in Nigerian poultry and the zoonotic potential of the virus, extensive and continued characterization of HPAI isolates is advocated.

AB - Genetic analysis of the complete haemagglutinin (HA) gene of fourteen Nigerian avian influenza isolates showed multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site (321PQRERRRKdelR*GLF333), characteristic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Substitution of Gln to Lys at position 322 (H5-specific numbering) was identified in one isolate. In some isolates, amino acid substitutions were observed across the HA gene, however the receptor binding, antigenic and glycosylation sites were conserved in all. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two clusters of the HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c. Cluster I has close genetic relatedness (97.8–99.8%) with viruses circulating in some West Africa countries. Cluster II shared close identity (98.9–100.0%) with isolates from Europe, Côte d’Ivoire and Niger and viruses from this cluster were detected in five of the eleven states investigated in Nigeria. In view of the continuous HPAI outbreaks being recorded in Nigerian poultry and the zoonotic potential of the virus, extensive and continued characterization of HPAI isolates is advocated.

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KW - Evolution

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KW - Haemagglutinin gene

KW - Highly pathogenic avian influenza

KW - Nigeria

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in Nigeria in 2015: evidence of widespread circulation of WA2 clade 2.3.2.1c

Abstract

Keywords

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