Humoral Immunogenicity of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine in the Phase 3 Coronavirus Efficacy (COVE) Trial

for the Coronavirus Efficacy (COVE) Study Group

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Messenger RNA (mRNA)-1273 vaccine demonstrated 93.2% efficacy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Coronavirus Efficacy (COVE) trial. The humoral immunogenicity results are now reported. Methods: Participants received 2 mRNA-1273 (100aμg) or placebo injections, 28 days apart. Immune responses were evaluated in a prespecified, randomly selected per-protocol immunogenicity population (n = 272 placebo; n = 1185 mRNA-1273). Serum binding antibodies (bAbs) and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-spike protein were assessed at days 1, 29, and 57 by baseline SARS-CoV-2-negative (n = 1197) and SARS-CoV-2-positive (n = 260) status, age, and sex. Results: SARS-CoV-2-negative vaccinees had bAb geometric mean AU/mL levels of 35 753 at day 29 that increased to 316 448 at day 57 and nAb inhibitory dilution 50% titers of 55 at day 29 that rose to 1081 at day 57. In SARS-CoV-2-positive vacinees, the first mRNA-1273 injection elicited bAb and nAb levels that were 11-fold (410 049) and 27-fold (1479) higher than in SARS-CoV-2-negative vaccinees, respectively, and were comparable to levels after 2 injections in uninfected participants. Findings were generally consistent by age and sex. Conclusions: mRNA-1273 elicited robust serologic immune responses across age, sex, and SARS-CoV-2 status, consistent with its high COVID-19 efficacy. Higher immune responses in those previously infected support a booster-Type effect. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04470427.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1731-1742
Number of pages12
JournalJournal of Infectious Diseases
Volume226
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 15 2022

Keywords

  • COVE trial
  • COVID-19
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • immunogenicity
  • mRNA-1273
  • pseudovirus neutralizing antibody assay
  • spike-binding antibody assay

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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