Implementing TeamMAPPS: Formative qualitative findings from the dissemination and implementation study of a new evidence-based team science intervention

Introduction: Team Methods to Advance Processes and Performance in Science (TeamMAPPS) is an evidence-based Team Science competency model and intervention. TeamMAPPS was developed by experts in the Science of Team Science with translational teams in mind. TeamMAPPS focuses on three core teamwork competencies: (1) psychological safety, (2) awareness and exchange, and (3) self-correction and adaptation. In 2023, the TeamMAPPS framework was operationalized into five online training modules that can be used to train whole teams or individuals, with or without facilitation, in any order. This article reports formative findings from the pre-implementation stage of the TeamMAPPS Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) study. Methods: We conducted 27 interviews and participant-observation fieldwork with 23 individuals involved in the conceptualization, design, or implementation of TeamMAPPS (four were interviewed twice). All implementers were affiliated with a Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hub. Data were collected during pre-implementation, when modules were being tested and early-stage implementers were being trained. We used D&I theories and frameworks to structure the study, analyze interview data, and recommend implementation strategies. Findings: Adoption, reach, and effectiveness emerged as key implementation outcomes. TeamMAPPS was perceived to be evidence-based, highly adaptable, and a Team Science intervention offering unique benefits. We draw on participants' responses and expert recommendations to suggest implementation strategies. Conclusions: CTSAs and other organizations can use varied strategies to implement TeamMAPPS. The flexibility of the intervention and its rootedness in an evidence-base synthesized by Team Science leaders make TeamMAPPS appealing for CTSAs seeking to enhance their team training offerings.