Insights into renal and urological complications of inflammatory bowel disease

Anmol Singh, Tejasvini Khanna, Diksha Mahendru, Jasraj Kahlon, Vikash Kumar, Aalam Sohal, Juliana Yang

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by immune-mediated inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which follows a relapsing and remitting course. Apart from affecting the gastrointestinal tract, IBD also has extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs). While the etiology of extrain-testinal manifestation remains unclear, it is theorized to be based on immuno-logical responses influenced by genetic factors. Renal involvement is one of the EIMs observed in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The renal manifes-tations in IBD patients encompass a range of conditions including nephrolithiasis, amyloidosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, glomerulonephritis (GN), obstructive pathologies, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The incidence of CKD in IBD patients varies from 5%-15%. The decline in renal function can stem from various factors such as direct inflammatory damage to the kidneys leading to glomerular or tubular injury, or from complications like recurrent stones, amyloidosis, or GN. Additionally, nephrotoxic medications used in treating IBD, such as TNF-α inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, and aminosalicylates, can exacerbate the decline in renal function. Currently, there is a lack of consensus regarding these patients' screening and renal function monitoring. This review aims to assess the existing literature on the different renal complications among individuals with IBD, shedding light on their pathophysiology and management.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number96574
JournalWorld Journal of Nephrology
Volume13
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 25 2024

Keywords

  • Amyloidosis
  • chronic kidney disease
  • Extra-intestinal manifestations
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Inflammatory bowel disease
  • Nephrotoxicity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Nephrology

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