TY - JOUR
T1 - Interferon-mediated antiviral activities of Angelica tenuissima Nakai and its active components
AU - Weeratunga, Prasanna
AU - Uddin, Md Bashir
AU - Kim, Myun Soo
AU - Lee, Byeong Hoon
AU - Kim, Tae Hwan
AU - Yoon, Ji Eun
AU - Ma, Jin Yeul
AU - Kim, Hongik
AU - Lee, Jong Soo
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Dr. J. U. Jung of the University of Southern California, USA for providing Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP)-fused PR8, NDV, VSV, HSV, and Coxsackie viruses and Dr. Y. K. Choi of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea for providing the challenge viruses. This work was supported by the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of Korea (Grant No. 112013033SB010), the Small and Medium Business Administration (Grant No. S2130867, S2165234), the Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (Grant No. K12050) and the research fund of Chungnam National University in 2014.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, The Microbiological Society of Korea and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
PY - 2016/1/1
Y1 - 2016/1/1
N2 - Angelica tenuissima Nakai is a widely used commodity in traditional medicine. Nevertheless, no study has been conducted on the antiviral and immune-modulatory properties of an aqueous extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai. In the present study, we evaluated the antiviral activities and the mechanism of action of an aqueous extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, an effective dose of Angelica tenuissima Nakai markedly inhibited the replication of Influenza A virus (PR8), Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Coxsackie virus, and Enterovirus (EV-71) on epithelial (HEK293T/HeLa) and immune (RAW264.7) cells. Such inhibition can be described by the induction of the antiviral state in cells by antiviral, IFNrelated gene induction and secretion of IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, Angelica tenuissima Nakai treated BALB/c mice displayed higher survivability and lower lung viral titers when challenged with lethal doses of highly pathogenic influenza A subtypes (H1N1, H5N2, H7N3, and H9N2). We also found that Angelica tenuissima Nakai can induce the secretion of IL-6, IFN-λ, and local IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of Angelica tenuissima Nakai treated mice, which correlating with the observed prophylactic effects. In HPLC analysis, we found the presence of several compounds in the aqueous fraction and among them; we evaluated antiviral properties of ferulic acid. Therefore, an extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai and its components, including ferulic acid, play roles as immunomodulators and may be potential candidates for novel anti-viral/anti-influenza agents.
AB - Angelica tenuissima Nakai is a widely used commodity in traditional medicine. Nevertheless, no study has been conducted on the antiviral and immune-modulatory properties of an aqueous extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai. In the present study, we evaluated the antiviral activities and the mechanism of action of an aqueous extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, an effective dose of Angelica tenuissima Nakai markedly inhibited the replication of Influenza A virus (PR8), Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Coxsackie virus, and Enterovirus (EV-71) on epithelial (HEK293T/HeLa) and immune (RAW264.7) cells. Such inhibition can be described by the induction of the antiviral state in cells by antiviral, IFNrelated gene induction and secretion of IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, Angelica tenuissima Nakai treated BALB/c mice displayed higher survivability and lower lung viral titers when challenged with lethal doses of highly pathogenic influenza A subtypes (H1N1, H5N2, H7N3, and H9N2). We also found that Angelica tenuissima Nakai can induce the secretion of IL-6, IFN-λ, and local IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of Angelica tenuissima Nakai treated mice, which correlating with the observed prophylactic effects. In HPLC analysis, we found the presence of several compounds in the aqueous fraction and among them; we evaluated antiviral properties of ferulic acid. Therefore, an extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai and its components, including ferulic acid, play roles as immunomodulators and may be potential candidates for novel anti-viral/anti-influenza agents.
KW - Angelica tenuissima Nakai
KW - anti-influenza effect
KW - antiviral effect
KW - ferulic acid
KW - herbal medicine
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U2 - 10.1007/s12275-016-5555-4
DO - 10.1007/s12275-016-5555-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 26727903
AN - SCOPUS:84953341407
SN - 1225-8873
VL - 54
SP - 57
EP - 70
JO - Journal of Microbiology
JF - Journal of Microbiology
IS - 1
ER -