Intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication is comparable with midazolam in burn children undergoing reconstructive surgery

Mark D. Talon, Lee C. Woodson, Edward R. Sherwood, Asle Aarsland, Laksmi McRae, Tobin Benham

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    98 Scopus citations

    Abstract

    Preoperative anxiety and emergence delirium in children continue to be common even with midazolam premedication. Midazolam is unpleasant tasting even with a flavored vehicle and as a result, patient acceptance is sometimes poor. As an alternative, we evaluated dexmedetomidine administered intranasally. Dexmedetomidine an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist is tasteless, odorless, and painless when administered by this route. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists produce sedation, facilitate parental separation, and improve conditions for induction of general anesthesia, while preserving airway reflexes. Institutional review board approval was obtained to study 100 pediatric patients randomized to intranasal dexmedetomidine (2 μg/kg) or oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) administered 30 to 45 minutes before the surgery. Subjects received general anesthesia with oxygen, nitrous oxide, isoflurane, and analgesics (0.05-0.1 mg/kg morphine or 0.1 mg/kg methadone). Nurses and anesthetists were blinded to the drug administered and evaluated patients for preoperative sedation, conditions for induction of general anesthesia, emergence from anesthesia, and postoperative pain. Responses of 100 patients (50 dexmedetomidine and 50 midazolam) were analyzed. Dexmedetomidine (P = .003) was more effective than midazolam at inducing sleep preoperatively. Dexmedetomidine and midazolam were comparable for conditions at induction (P > 0.05), emergence from anesthesia (P > 0.05), or postoperative pain (P > 0.05). Both drugs were equieffective in these regards. In pediatric patients, dexmedetomidine 2 μg/kg administered intranasally and midazolam 0.5 mg/kg administered orally produced similar conditions during induction and emergence of anesthesia. Intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine is more effective at inducing sleep and in some circumstances offers a useful alternative to oral midazolam in children.

    Original languageEnglish (US)
    Pages (from-to)599-605
    Number of pages7
    JournalJournal of Burn Care and Research
    Volume30
    Issue number4
    DOIs
    StatePublished - Jul 1 2009

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Surgery
    • Emergency Medicine
    • Rehabilitation

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