TY - JOUR
T1 - Lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, calcium, iron, manganese and chromium (VI) levels in Nigeria and United States of America cement dust
AU - Ogunbileje, J. O.
AU - Sadagoparamanujam, V. M.
AU - Anetor, J. I.
AU - Farombi, E. O.
AU - Akinosun, O. M.
AU - Okorodudu, A. O.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by Clinical Chemistry Division, Department of Pathology, UTMB, Galveston, TX. We acknowledge the Human Nutrition Division, Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, UTMB for the use of GF-AAS instrument and Mr. Patrick Simmons, Atomic Spectroscopy Product Specialist, Agilent Technologies, Inc. for technical support.
PY - 2013/3
Y1 - 2013/3
N2 - This study was aimed at investigating the relative abundance of heavy metals in cement dust from different cement dust factories in order to predict their possible roles in the severity of cement dust toxicity. The concentrations of total mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and chromium (VI) (Cr (VI)) levels in cement dust and clinker samples from Nigeria and cement dust sample from the United States of America (USA) were determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAAS), while Zn and Ca were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS), and Cr (VI) by colorimetric method. Total Cu, Ni and Mn were significantly higher in cement dust sample from USA (p<. 0.05), also, both total Cr and Cr (VI) were 5.4-26 folds higher in USA cement dust compared with Nigeria cement dust or clinker (p<. 0.001). Total Cd was higher in both Nigeria cement dust and clinker (p<. 0.05 and p<. 0.001), respectively. Mercury was more in both Nigeria cement dust and clinker (p<. 0.05), while Pb was only significantly higher in clinker from Nigeria (p<. 0.001). These results show that cement dust contain mixture of metals that are known human carcinogens and also have been implicated in other debilitating health conditions. Additionally, it revealed that metal content concentrations are factory dependent. This study appears to indicate the need for additional human studies relating the toxicity of these metals and their health impacts on cement factory workers.
AB - This study was aimed at investigating the relative abundance of heavy metals in cement dust from different cement dust factories in order to predict their possible roles in the severity of cement dust toxicity. The concentrations of total mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and chromium (VI) (Cr (VI)) levels in cement dust and clinker samples from Nigeria and cement dust sample from the United States of America (USA) were determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAAS), while Zn and Ca were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS), and Cr (VI) by colorimetric method. Total Cu, Ni and Mn were significantly higher in cement dust sample from USA (p<. 0.05), also, both total Cr and Cr (VI) were 5.4-26 folds higher in USA cement dust compared with Nigeria cement dust or clinker (p<. 0.001). Total Cd was higher in both Nigeria cement dust and clinker (p<. 0.05 and p<. 0.001), respectively. Mercury was more in both Nigeria cement dust and clinker (p<. 0.05), while Pb was only significantly higher in clinker from Nigeria (p<. 0.001). These results show that cement dust contain mixture of metals that are known human carcinogens and also have been implicated in other debilitating health conditions. Additionally, it revealed that metal content concentrations are factory dependent. This study appears to indicate the need for additional human studies relating the toxicity of these metals and their health impacts on cement factory workers.
KW - Cement dust
KW - Chromium (VI)
KW - Heavy metals
KW - Nigeria
KW - Toxicity
KW - United States of America
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84873318843&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84873318843&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.058
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.058
M3 - Article
C2 - 23261125
AN - SCOPUS:84873318843
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 90
SP - 2743
EP - 2749
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
IS - 11
ER -