Long-Term Kidney Transplant Survival Across the Globe

Background. The outcomes after kidney transplantation (KT), including access, wait time, and other issues around the globe, have been studied. However, issues do vary from one country to another. Methods. We obtained data from several countries from North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia, including the number of patients awaiting KT from 2015, transplant rate per million population (pmp), proportion of living donor and deceased donor (LD/DD) KT, and posttransplant survival. We also sought opinions on key difficulties faced by each of these countries with respect to KT and long-Term survival. Results. Variation in access to KT across the globe was noted. Countries with the highest rates of KT pmp included the United States (79%) and Spain (71%). A higher proportion of LD transplants was noted in Japan (93%), India (85%), Singapore (63%), and South Korea (63%). A higher proportion of DD KTs was noted in Spain (90%), Brazil (90%), France (85%), Italy (85%), Finland (85%), Australia-New Zealand (80%), and the United States (77%). The 5-y graft survival for LD was highest in South Korea (95%), Singapore (94%), Italy (93%), Finland (93%), and Japan (93%), whereas for DD, it was South Korea (93%), Italy (88%), Japan (86%), and Singapore (86%). The common issues surrounding KTs are access and a limited number of LDs and DDs. Key issues identified for long-Term survival were increasing age of donors and recipients, higher recipient comorbidity, and posttransplant events, such as alloimmune injury to the kidney, infection, cancer, and suboptimal adherence to therapy. Conclusions. A unified approach is necessary to improve issues surrounding KT as the demand continues to increase.