Mask interface in non invasive mechanical ventilation

Current literature supports the belief that non-invasive ventilation (NIV) decreases endotracheal intubation and mortality rates. NIV success is correlated to patient compliance, cooperation, and support by caregivers [1]. The most common adverse effects of NIV are interface-related issues, accounting for 50-100% of all complications. Moreover, 25-33% of appropriately selected patients adapt poorly to NIV, mostly due to mask related complications [2]. There is no universally ideal NIV interface. Interface selection should be evaluated carefully. It is important to consider the patient's facial contour, mouth or nose breathing pattern, nasal pathology, experience of the caregiver, patient preference and equipment availability. Typically, first choice for acute NIV interfaces are those that cover the mouth and nose [3]. Additionally, the appropriate interface should offer the proper ventilatory modes and correspond to the respiratory failure type and breathing pattern of the patient [4].