Medical management of cerebral edema.

Ahmed Raslan, Anish Bhardwaj

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

104 Scopus citations

Abstract

Cerebral edema is frequently encountered in clinical practice in critically ill patients with acute brain injury from diverse origins and is a major cause of increased morbidity and death in this subset of patients. The consequences of cerebral edema can be lethal and include cerebral ischemia from compromised regional or global cerebral blood flow (CBF) and intracranial compartmental shifts due to intracranial pressure gradients that result in compression of vital brain structures. The overall goal of medical management of cerebral edema is to maintain regional and global CBF to meet the metabolic requirements of the brain and prevent secondary neuronal injury from cerebral ischemia. Medical management of cerebral edema involves using a systematic and algorithmic approach, from general measures (optimal head and neck positioning for facilitating intracranial venous outflow, avoidance of dehydration and systemic hypotension, and maintenance of normothermia) to specific therapeutic interventions (controlled hyperventilation, administration of corticosteroids and diuretics, osmotherapy, and pharmacological cerebral metabolic suppression). This article reviews and highlights the medical management of cerebral edema based on pathophysiological principles in acute brain injury.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)E12
JournalNeurosurgical focus
Volume22
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - 2007
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Surgery
  • Clinical Neurology

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