TY - JOUR
T1 - Non-criteria anti-phospholipid antibodies and cognitive impairment in SLE
AU - Luggen, Michael E.
AU - Gulati, Gaurav
AU - Zhang, Bin
AU - Willis, Rohan A.
AU - Gonzalez, Emilio B.
N1 - Funding Information:
This publication was supported by an Institutional Clinical and Translational Science Award, NIH/NCATS grant number 8UL1TR000077–05; and by the NIH/National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (Grant P30AR047363). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
Funding Information:
This publication was supported by an Institutional Clinical and Translational Science Award, NIH/NCATS grant number 8UL1TR000077â05; and by the NIH/National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (Grant P30AR047363). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR).
PY - 2016/1/1
Y1 - 2016/1/1
N2 - The pathogenesis of cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unknown. Anti-phospholipid antibodies (APL) have been implicated. The APL which have been evaluated have variably included anti-cardiolipin (ACL) antibodies, lupus anticoagulant (LAC), and antibodies to beta-2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI). Few studies have examined other APL (so-called non-criteria APL). We evaluated the association of CI with a broad spectrum of non-criteria APL. Subjects meeting SLE classification criteria were recruited from three different patient populations. Cognitive function was assessed with the Automated Neuropsychologic Assessment Metrics (ANAM), a validated computer-based assessment tool. The total throughput score (TTS = number of correct responses/time) was used as the primary outcome measure. The following APL of all three isotypes were assessed by ELISA using standardized techniques: anti-β2GPI, anti-phosphatidyl ethanolamine (aPE), anti-phosphatidyl choline (aPC), anti-phosphatidyl inositol (aPI), anti-phosphatidyl serine (aPS), anti-phosphatidyl glycerol (aPG), anti-phosphatidic acid (aPA). Fifty-seven (57) patients were evaluated. Of the 57, 12 had definite CI (>1.5 SD below the mean of an age-, sex-, and race-matched RA population). The two groups were significantly different with regard to age, ethnicity, and family income. There was no significant difference between groups with regard to the presence of any non-criteria APL. When titers of specific non-criteria APL were compared with TTS, no significant correlations were found. Using multiple linear regression and adjusting for relevant covariates including age, ethnicity, and family income, neither the presence nor the titer of any non-criteria APL significantly influenced TTS. In this cross-sectional study, non-criteria APL were not associated with CI.
AB - The pathogenesis of cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unknown. Anti-phospholipid antibodies (APL) have been implicated. The APL which have been evaluated have variably included anti-cardiolipin (ACL) antibodies, lupus anticoagulant (LAC), and antibodies to beta-2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI). Few studies have examined other APL (so-called non-criteria APL). We evaluated the association of CI with a broad spectrum of non-criteria APL. Subjects meeting SLE classification criteria were recruited from three different patient populations. Cognitive function was assessed with the Automated Neuropsychologic Assessment Metrics (ANAM), a validated computer-based assessment tool. The total throughput score (TTS = number of correct responses/time) was used as the primary outcome measure. The following APL of all three isotypes were assessed by ELISA using standardized techniques: anti-β2GPI, anti-phosphatidyl ethanolamine (aPE), anti-phosphatidyl choline (aPC), anti-phosphatidyl inositol (aPI), anti-phosphatidyl serine (aPS), anti-phosphatidyl glycerol (aPG), anti-phosphatidic acid (aPA). Fifty-seven (57) patients were evaluated. Of the 57, 12 had definite CI (>1.5 SD below the mean of an age-, sex-, and race-matched RA population). The two groups were significantly different with regard to age, ethnicity, and family income. There was no significant difference between groups with regard to the presence of any non-criteria APL. When titers of specific non-criteria APL were compared with TTS, no significant correlations were found. Using multiple linear regression and adjusting for relevant covariates including age, ethnicity, and family income, neither the presence nor the titer of any non-criteria APL significantly influenced TTS. In this cross-sectional study, non-criteria APL were not associated with CI.
KW - Anti-phospholipid antibody
KW - Cognitive impairment
KW - SLE < Rheumatic diseases
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U2 - 10.1007/s10067-015-3114-8
DO - 10.1007/s10067-015-3114-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 26563139
AN - SCOPUS:84954375576
VL - 35
SP - 93
EP - 99
JO - Clinical Rheumatology
JF - Clinical Rheumatology
SN - 0770-3198
IS - 1
ER -