Abstract
In light of increased cancer prevalence and cancer-specific deaths in patients with infections, we investigated whether infections alter anti-tumor immune responses. We report that acute influenza infection of the lung promotes distal melanoma growth in the dermis and leads to accelerated cancer-specific host death. Furthermore, we show that during influenza infection, anti-melanoma CD8+ T cells are shunted from the tumor to the infection site, where they express high levels of the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Immunotherapy to block PD-1 reverses this loss of anti-tumor CD8+ T cells from the tumor and decreases infection-induced tumor growth. Our findings show that acute non-oncogenic infection can promote cancer growth, raising concerns regarding acute viral illness sequelae. They also suggest an unexpected role for PD-1 blockade in cancer immunotherapy and provide insight into the immune response when faced with concomitant challenges.
Original language | English (US) |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 957-965 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Cell Reports |
Volume | 17 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Oct 18 2016 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- CD8 T cells
- PD-1
- breast cancer
- cancer
- concomitant
- infection
- influenza
- melanoma
- mouse
- viral
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology