Outcomes of Surgical Ablation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Cardiac Surgeries

Background: Surgical ablation procedure is commonly performed in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing cardiac surgeries; however, the evidence regarding its impact on in-hospital cardiovascular outcomes is controversial. Methods: We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database for patients with AF who underwent cardiac surgeries from 1998 to 2013. We performed a propensity-score matching including 21 various baseline characteristics to compare those who underwent surgical ablation with those who had not. Results: A total of 47,964 hospitalizations were included in our final analysis. On propensity matching, 23,975 were in the surgical ablation group and 23,990 in the control group. The primary outcome of in-hospital mortality was lower in the surgical ablation group compared with the control group (3.6% versus 4.2%, p < 0.001). The surgical ablation group was associated with lower in-hospital cerebrovascular accident (2.0% versus 2.8%, p < 0.001), cardiogenic shock (2.6% versus 3.6%, p < 0.001), use of intraaortic balloon pump (5.1% versus 5.8%, p = 0.001), and shorter length of hospital stay (12.3 ± 10.1 versus 12.5 ± 10.3 days, p = 0.008). There was no difference between the surgical ablation and control groups in the incidence of cardiac tamponade (0.4% versus 0.3%, p = 0.296). The surgical ablation group was associated with a higher rate of complete heart block (5.2% versus 4.3%, p < 0.001) and permanent pacemaker insertion (8.6% versus 8.0%, p = 0.01). Conclusions: In this large analysis of almost 50,000 patients with AF undergoing cardiac surgery, surgical ablation appears to be safe in the short term. Future studies should focus on evaluating the long-term effectiveness of this procedure.