@article{3ea9c0178f554bfcacdce79b6a0f8e33,
title = "Phylogenetic analysis of North American West Nile virus isolates, 2001-2004: Evidence for the emergence of a dominant genotype",
abstract = "The distribution of West Nile virus has expanded in the past 6 years to include the 48 contiguous United States and seven Canadian provinces, as well as Mexico, the Caribbean islands, and Colombia. The suggestion of the emergence of a dominant genetic variant has led to an intensive analysis of isolates made across North America. We have sequenced the premembrane and envelope genes of 74 isolates and the complete genomes of 25 isolates in order to determine if a dominant genotype has arisen and to better understand how the virus has evolved as its distribution has expanded. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the continued presence of genetic variants that group in a temporally and geographically dependent manner and provide evidence that a dominant variant has emerged across much of North America. The implications of these findings are discussed as they relate to transmission and spread of the virus in the Western Hemisphere.",
keywords = "Flavivirus, Molecular epidemiology, Phylogenetics, Viral evolution, West Nile virus",
author = "Davis, {C. Todd} and Ebel, {Gregory D.} and Lanciotti, {Robert S.} and Brault, {Aaron C.} and Hilda Guzman and Marina Siirin and Amy Lambert and Parsons, {Ray E.} and Beasley, {David W.C.} and Novak, {Robert J.} and Darwin Elizondo-Quiroga and Green, {Emily N.} and Young, {David S.} and Stark, {Lillian M.} and Drebot, {Michael A.} and Harvey Artsob and Tesh, {Robert B.} and Kramer, {Laura D.} and Barrett, {Alan D.T.}",
note = "Funding Information: CTD is supported by the James W. McLaughlin Fellowship Fund and would like to thank the UTMB Protein Chemistry Laboratory for nucleic acid sequencing and Dr. Scott Weaver for helpful discussions. GDE and LDK would like to thank Kristen A. Bernard for helpful discussions, the New York State Department of Health, the New York State Wildlife Pathology Unit, the Wadsworth Center Arbovirus Laboratories, and the Wadsworth Center Molecular Genetics Core facility and is funded in part by NIH contract N01-AI25490 and by CDC contract U50/CCU223671-02. ACB is funded in part by the California Mosquito Research Program and wishes to thank the California Department of Health Services, the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, as well as the California Mosquito and Vector Control Districts for providing the materials from which viral isolates were made. WNV isolates from Arizona were graciously provided by Ronald C. Cheshier of the Arizona Department of Health Services. DEQ is supported by the Tropical Vector-borne Viral and Rickettsial Infections grant (5D43TW006590) sponsored by the Fogarty International Center. ADTB is supported in part by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cooperative grant U90/CCU620916. RBT is supported in part by NIH contracts N01-AI25489 and N01-AI30027. We also thank Dr. Wayne Kramer from the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services for providing additional virus isolates.",
year = "2005",
month = nov,
day = "25",
doi = "10.1016/j.virol.2005.07.022",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "342",
pages = "252--265",
journal = "Virology",
issn = "0042-6822",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
number = "2",
}