Radiofrequency catheter ablation: How to manage and prevent collateral damage?

Radiofrequency catheter ablation has become the standard of care for the management of various arrhythmias and, in fact, the first-line therapy for many tachyarrhythmias. It entails creating scar tissue in the heart in regions where abnormal impulses form or propagate to restore normal cardiac conduction. As the heart is a complex organ and is surrounded by and related to many other anatomical structures, it is important to avoid the collateral damage that can happen from radiofrequency (RF) ablation on the endocardium as well as on the epicardium. This review explores methods for mitigating or limiting collateral damage during catheter ablation.