Remote temperature monitoring in ocular tissue using confocal Raman spectroscopy

We demonstrated the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for, remote temperature monitoring within the aqueous humor of the rabbit eye in vivo. Using a confocal Raman spectroscopy system, Raman spectra from 2580 to 3800 cm ^-1 were recorded in HPLC-grade water and in the aqueous humor of the rabbit eye under in vivo and ex vivo conditions within a temperature range of 14-34°C. The ratio between the integrated Raman intensities of two temperature dependent OHvibrational regions (OH2/OH1) in the spectra of water showed high linear dependence on temperature both in pure water [0.0049 (± 1.2%) T+0.4522(±0.5%), R² = 0.99, n = 50, p<0.05], as well as in the rabbit aqueous humor [0.0036(±2.8%)T+0. 4966(±0.6%), R² = 0.98, n=162, p<0.05] with a high degree of reproducibility and sensitivity (∼0.2-0.7°C). Raman spectroscopy can be used for high resolution and remote monitoring of temperature in the aqueous humor under in vivo conditions.