TY - JOUR
T1 - Role of hyperglycemia-mediated erythrocyte redox state alteration in the development of diabetic retinopathy
AU - Choudhuri, Subhadip
AU - Mandal, Lakshmi K.
AU - Paine, Suman
AU - Sen, Aditi
AU - Dutta, Deep
AU - Chowdhury, Imran
AU - Mukherjee, Amrita
AU - Saha, Avijit
AU - Bhadhuri, Gautam
AU - Bhattacharya, Basudev
PY - 2013/1
Y1 - 2013/1
N2 - PURPOSE:: To evaluate erythrocyte redox state and its surrogates in patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy and their association with cellular metabolic derangement developed in retinal microvascular cells. METHODS:: Sixty type 2 diabetic patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 85 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and 70 patients with diabetes but without retinopathy were considered as diabetic control (DC) for the study. In addition, 65 normal individuals without diabetes were enrolled as healthy control in this study. Erythrocyte oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate / reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP / NADPH), oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide / reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD / NADH) glutathione, plasma and vitreous lactate, and pyruvate levels were determined by enzymatic reaction-based spectrophotometric assay for the patients and individuals. RESULT:: Erythrocyte NADP+ to NADPH ratio to NADPH ratio was found to be significantly higher among NPDR and PDR patients compared with DC subjects (P < 0.0001). Erythrocyte-reduced glutathione was significantly decreased in patients of NPDR (P = 0.0004) and patients of PDR (P = 0.0157) compared to DC. Erythrocyte NAD to NADH ratio was also significantly decreased in patients of NPDR (P < 0.0001) and PDR (P < 0.0001) compared to DC subjects. Lactate to pyruvate ratio of plasma was elevated significantly in patients with NPDR compared with DC (P < 0.0001) and those having PDR (P = 0.0046). In the vitreous fluid, the lactate to pyruvate ratios were found to be significantly lower in normal individuals without diabetes compared with patients having PDR (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION:: Hyperglycemia-mediated erythrocyte redox state alterations might be a potential risk factor for the development of NPDR in poorly controlled diabetic subjects.
AB - PURPOSE:: To evaluate erythrocyte redox state and its surrogates in patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy and their association with cellular metabolic derangement developed in retinal microvascular cells. METHODS:: Sixty type 2 diabetic patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 85 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and 70 patients with diabetes but without retinopathy were considered as diabetic control (DC) for the study. In addition, 65 normal individuals without diabetes were enrolled as healthy control in this study. Erythrocyte oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate / reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP / NADPH), oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide / reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD / NADH) glutathione, plasma and vitreous lactate, and pyruvate levels were determined by enzymatic reaction-based spectrophotometric assay for the patients and individuals. RESULT:: Erythrocyte NADP+ to NADPH ratio to NADPH ratio was found to be significantly higher among NPDR and PDR patients compared with DC subjects (P < 0.0001). Erythrocyte-reduced glutathione was significantly decreased in patients of NPDR (P = 0.0004) and patients of PDR (P = 0.0157) compared to DC. Erythrocyte NAD to NADH ratio was also significantly decreased in patients of NPDR (P < 0.0001) and PDR (P < 0.0001) compared to DC subjects. Lactate to pyruvate ratio of plasma was elevated significantly in patients with NPDR compared with DC (P < 0.0001) and those having PDR (P = 0.0046). In the vitreous fluid, the lactate to pyruvate ratios were found to be significantly lower in normal individuals without diabetes compared with patients having PDR (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION:: Hyperglycemia-mediated erythrocyte redox state alterations might be a potential risk factor for the development of NPDR in poorly controlled diabetic subjects.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84872059978&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84872059978&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/IAE.0b013e318256202e
DO - 10.1097/IAE.0b013e318256202e
M3 - Article
C2 - 22653543
AN - SCOPUS:84872059978
SN - 0275-004X
VL - 33
SP - 207
EP - 216
JO - Retina
JF - Retina
IS - 1
ER -