TY - JOUR
T1 - Serum Fc-Mediated Monocyte Phagocytosis Activity Is Stable for Several Months after SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic and Mildly Symptomatic Infection
AU - Vangeti, Sindhu
AU - Periasamy, Sivakumar
AU - Sun, Peifang
AU - Balinsky, Corey A.
AU - Mahajan, Avinash S.
AU - Kuzmina, Natalia A.
AU - Soares-Schanoski, Alessandra
AU - Cooper, Elizabeth
AU - Beckett, Charmagne
AU - Marayag, Jan
AU - Marrone, Amethyst
AU - Nunez, Edgar
AU - Ge, Yongchao
AU - Porter, Chad K.
AU - Goforth, Carl W.
AU - Lizewski, Stephen E.
AU - Lizewski, Rhonda
AU - Jani, Vihasi
AU - Sugiharto, Victor A.
AU - Schilling, Megan
AU - Yu, Xuechen B.
AU - Marjanovic, Nada
AU - George, Mary Catherine
AU - Bukreyev, Alexander
AU - Sealfon, Stuart C.
AU - Letizia, Andrew G.
AU - Ramos, Irene
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the many US Navy corpsmen who assisted in the logistics and sample acquisition, the devoted US Marines who volunteered for this study, and Mitchell Rabinowitz and Alexandria Vornholt for project management. We thank Michael Schotsaert for kindly providing access to equipment to develop the Luminex assays. This work received funding from the Defense Health Agency through the Naval Medical Research Center (9700130) and from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (contract number N6600119C4022). S.V. is supported by a grant from the Swedish Research Council (2021-06713). We thank LakePharma, Inc., (now Curia Bio, Inc.) for kindly providing SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. S.V. performed serological assays, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript; S.P., P.S., C.A.B., V.J. performed serological assays and analyzed data. A.S.-S., N.A.K., and A.S.M. performed serological assays. E.C., C.B., J.M., A.M., E.N., C.W.G., S.E.L., R.L., V.A.S., M.S. contributed to sample and data collection. N.M. and Y.B.X. contributed to sample preparation, assisted with serological assays, and data management. Y.G., C.K.P. contributed to data management and data analysis; M.G. contributed to project management; A.B. supervised data generation; S.C.S. supervised data generation and data analysis; A.G.L. supervised sample and data collection, and contributed to scientific discussions; I.R. supervised data generation, analyzed data, prepared figures, and wrote the manuscript. All the authors critically reviewed and edited the manuscript. We declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. P.S., C.A.B., E.C., C.B., J.M., A.M., E.N., C.K.P., C.W.G., S.E.L., R.L., V.S., M.S., and A.G.L. are military Service members or U.S. Government employees. This work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17, U.S.C., §105 provides that copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the U.S. Government. 355 Title 17, U.S.C., §101 defines a U.S. Government work as a work prepared by a military Service member or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person's official duties. The views expressed in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily express the official policy and position of the US Navy, the Department of Defense, the US government, or the institutions affiliated with the authors.
Funding Information:
We thank the many US Navy corpsmen who assisted in the logistics and sample acquisition, the devoted US Marines who volunteered for this study, and Mitchell Rabinowitz and Alexandria Vornholt for project management. We thank Michael Schotsaert for kindly providing access to equipment to develop the Luminex assays. This work received funding from the Defense Health Agency through the Naval Medical Research Center (9700130) and from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (contract number N6600119C4022). S.V. is supported by a grant from the Swedish Research Council (2021-06713). We thank LakePharma, Inc., (now Curia Bio, Inc.) for kindly providing SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/11
Y1 - 2022/11
N2 - We investigated the temporal profile of multiple components of the serological response after asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, in a cohort of 67 previously SARS-CoV-2 naive young adults, up to 8.5 months after infection. We found a significant decrease of spike IgG and neutralization antibody titers from early (11 to 56 days) to late (4 to 8.5 months) time points postinfection. Over the study period, S1-specific IgG levels declined significantly faster than that of the S2-specific IgG. Further, serum antibodies from PCR-confirmed participants cross-recognized S2, but not S1, of the betacoronaviruses HKU1 and OC43, suggesting a greater degree of cross-reactivity of S2 among betacoronaviruses. Antibody-Dependent Natural Killer cell Activation (ADNKA) was detected at the early time point but significantly decreased at the late time point. Induction of serum Antibody-Dependent Monocyte Phagocytosis (ADMP) was detected in all the infected participants, and its levels remained stable over time. Additionally, a reduced percentage of participants had detectable neutralizing activity against the Beta (50%), Gamma (61 to 67%), and Delta (90 to 94%) variants, both early and late postinfection, compared to the ancestral strain (100%). Antibody binding to S1 and RBD of Beta, Gamma, Delta (1.7 to 2.3-fold decrease), and Omicron (10 to 16-fold decrease) variants was also significantly reduced compared to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain. Overall, we found variable temporal profiles of specific components and functionality of the serological response to SARS-CoV-2 in young adults, which is characterized by lasting, but decreased, neutralizing activity and antibody binding to S1, stable ADMP activity, and relatively stable S2-specific IgG levels.
AB - We investigated the temporal profile of multiple components of the serological response after asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, in a cohort of 67 previously SARS-CoV-2 naive young adults, up to 8.5 months after infection. We found a significant decrease of spike IgG and neutralization antibody titers from early (11 to 56 days) to late (4 to 8.5 months) time points postinfection. Over the study period, S1-specific IgG levels declined significantly faster than that of the S2-specific IgG. Further, serum antibodies from PCR-confirmed participants cross-recognized S2, but not S1, of the betacoronaviruses HKU1 and OC43, suggesting a greater degree of cross-reactivity of S2 among betacoronaviruses. Antibody-Dependent Natural Killer cell Activation (ADNKA) was detected at the early time point but significantly decreased at the late time point. Induction of serum Antibody-Dependent Monocyte Phagocytosis (ADMP) was detected in all the infected participants, and its levels remained stable over time. Additionally, a reduced percentage of participants had detectable neutralizing activity against the Beta (50%), Gamma (61 to 67%), and Delta (90 to 94%) variants, both early and late postinfection, compared to the ancestral strain (100%). Antibody binding to S1 and RBD of Beta, Gamma, Delta (1.7 to 2.3-fold decrease), and Omicron (10 to 16-fold decrease) variants was also significantly reduced compared to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain. Overall, we found variable temporal profiles of specific components and functionality of the serological response to SARS-CoV-2 in young adults, which is characterized by lasting, but decreased, neutralizing activity and antibody binding to S1, stable ADMP activity, and relatively stable S2-specific IgG levels.
KW - antibodies
KW - COVID-19
KW - Fc-mediated functions
KW - infection
KW - neutralization
KW - SARS-CoV-2
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85144936277&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85144936277&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1128/spectrum.01837-22
DO - 10.1128/spectrum.01837-22
M3 - Article
C2 - 36374040
AN - SCOPUS:85144936277
SN - 2165-0497
VL - 10
JO - Microbiology spectrum
JF - Microbiology spectrum
IS - 6
ER -