Structure and function of myelinated axons

S. A. Buffington; M. N. Rasband

doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-814405-3.00040-0

Structure and function of myelinated axons

S. A. Buffington, M. N. Rasband

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

Abstract

Myelinated axons are divided into distinct membrane domains that underlie the generation and propagation of electrical impulses. Action potentials are first initiated in the axon initial segment and then regenerated at gaps in the myelin sheath, called nodes of Ranvier. Nodes consist of polarized subdomains characterized by clusters of ion channels, cell adhesion molecules, and cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins. Nodes are assembled through neuron-glia interactions. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of node assembly and maintenance and explore their functional roles. We also highlight the emergence of nodal proteins as disease targets in nervous system disorders.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS
Subtitle of host publication	Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience, Second Edition
Publisher	Elsevier
Pages	977-993
Number of pages	17
ISBN (Electronic)	9780128144053
ISBN (Print)	9780128144060
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814405-3.00040-0
State	Published - Jan 1 2020

Keywords

Action potential
Autoimmune disease
Axoglial interactions
Axon
Axon initial segment
Glia
Ion channel
Juxtaparanode
Myelin
Myelination
Node of ranvier
Paranodal junction
Saltatory conduction

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Neuroscience

Access to Document

10.1016/B978-0-12-814405-3.00040-0

Cite this

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title = "Structure and function of myelinated axons",

abstract = "Myelinated axons are divided into distinct membrane domains that underlie the generation and propagation of electrical impulses. Action potentials are first initiated in the axon initial segment and then regenerated at gaps in the myelin sheath, called nodes of Ranvier. Nodes consist of polarized subdomains characterized by clusters of ion channels, cell adhesion molecules, and cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins. Nodes are assembled through neuron-glia interactions. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of node assembly and maintenance and explore their functional roles. We also highlight the emergence of nodal proteins as disease targets in nervous system disorders.",

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T1 - Structure and function of myelinated axons

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AU - Rasband, M. N.

PY - 2020/1/1

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N2 - Myelinated axons are divided into distinct membrane domains that underlie the generation and propagation of electrical impulses. Action potentials are first initiated in the axon initial segment and then regenerated at gaps in the myelin sheath, called nodes of Ranvier. Nodes consist of polarized subdomains characterized by clusters of ion channels, cell adhesion molecules, and cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins. Nodes are assembled through neuron-glia interactions. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of node assembly and maintenance and explore their functional roles. We also highlight the emergence of nodal proteins as disease targets in nervous system disorders.

AB - Myelinated axons are divided into distinct membrane domains that underlie the generation and propagation of electrical impulses. Action potentials are first initiated in the axon initial segment and then regenerated at gaps in the myelin sheath, called nodes of Ranvier. Nodes consist of polarized subdomains characterized by clusters of ion channels, cell adhesion molecules, and cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins. Nodes are assembled through neuron-glia interactions. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of node assembly and maintenance and explore their functional roles. We also highlight the emergence of nodal proteins as disease targets in nervous system disorders.

KW - Action potential

KW - Autoimmune disease

KW - Axoglial interactions

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KW - Axon initial segment

KW - Glia

KW - Ion channel

KW - Juxtaparanode

KW - Myelin

KW - Myelination

KW - Node of ranvier

KW - Paranodal junction

KW - Saltatory conduction

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SP - 977

EP - 993

BT - Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS

PB - Elsevier

ER -

Structure and function of myelinated axons

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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