Subunit vaccines with a saponin-based adjuvant boost humoral and cellular immunity to MERS coronavirus

Chi Chieh Chang; Abdullah Algaissi; Chia Chun Lai; Chun Kai Chang; Jr Shiuan Lin; Yi Shiang Wang; Bo Hau Chang; Yu Chiuan Chang; Wei Ting Chen; Yong Qing Fan; Bi‐Hung H. Peng; Chih Yu Chao; Shiou Ru Tzeng; Pi Hui Liang; Wang Chou Sung; Alan Yung Chih Hu; Shin C. Chang; Ming Fu Chang

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.006

Subunit vaccines with a saponin-based adjuvant boost humoral and cellular immunity to MERS coronavirus

Chi Chieh Chang, Abdullah Algaissi, Chia Chun Lai, Chun Kai Chang, Jr Shiuan Lin, Yi Shiang Wang, Bo Hau Chang, Yu Chiuan Chang, Wei Ting Chen, Yong Qing Fan, Bi‐Hung H. Peng, Chih Yu Chao, Shiou Ru Tzeng, Pi Hui Liang, Wang Chou Sung, Alan Yung Chih Hu, Shin C. Chang, Ming Fu Chang

Neurobiology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreaks have constituted a public health issue with drastic mortality higher than 34%, necessitating the development of an effective vaccine. During MERS-CoV infection, the trimeric spike protein on the viral envelope is primarily responsible for attachment to host cellular receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). With the goal of generating a protein-based prophylactic, we designed a subunit vaccine comprising the recombinant S1 protein with a trimerization motif (S1-Fd) and examined its immunogenicity and protective immune responses in combination with various adjuvants. We found that sera from immunized wild-type and human DPP4 transgenic mice contained S1-specific antibodies that can neutralize MERS-CoV infection in susceptible cells. Vaccination with S1-Fd protein in combination with a saponin-based QS-21 adjuvant provided long-term humoral as well as cellular immunity in mice. Our findings highlight the significance of the trimeric S1 protein in the development of MERS-CoV vaccines and offer a suitable adjuvant, QS-21, to induce robust and prolonged memory T cell response.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	3337-3346
Number of pages	10
Journal	Vaccine
Volume	41
Issue number	21
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.006
State	Published - May 16 2023

Keywords

Adjuvant effects
Cellular immunity
MERS-CoV neutralization
Subunit vaccine development

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Molecular Medicine
General Immunology and Microbiology
General Veterinary
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Infectious Diseases

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10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.006

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Chang, C. C., Algaissi, A., Lai, C. C., Chang, C. K., Lin, J. S., Wang, Y. S., Chang, B. H., Chang, Y. C., Chen, W. T., Fan, Y. Q., Peng, BH. H., Chao, C. Y., Tzeng, S. R., Liang, P. H., Sung, W. C., Hu, A. Y. C., Chang, S. C., & Chang, M. F. (2023). Subunit vaccines with a saponin-based adjuvant boost humoral and cellular immunity to MERS coronavirus. Vaccine, 41(21), 3337-3346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.006

Chang, CC, Algaissi, A, Lai, CC, Chang, CK, Lin, JS, Wang, YS, Chang, BH, Chang, YC, Chen, WT, Fan, YQ, Peng, BHH, Chao, CY, Tzeng, SR, Liang, PH, Sung, WC, Hu, AYC, Chang, SC & Chang, MF 2023, 'Subunit vaccines with a saponin-based adjuvant boost humoral and cellular immunity to MERS coronavirus', Vaccine, vol. 41, no. 21, pp. 3337-3346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.006

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abstract = "Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreaks have constituted a public health issue with drastic mortality higher than 34%, necessitating the development of an effective vaccine. During MERS-CoV infection, the trimeric spike protein on the viral envelope is primarily responsible for attachment to host cellular receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). With the goal of generating a protein-based prophylactic, we designed a subunit vaccine comprising the recombinant S1 protein with a trimerization motif (S1-Fd) and examined its immunogenicity and protective immune responses in combination with various adjuvants. We found that sera from immunized wild-type and human DPP4 transgenic mice contained S1-specific antibodies that can neutralize MERS-CoV infection in susceptible cells. Vaccination with S1-Fd protein in combination with a saponin-based QS-21 adjuvant provided long-term humoral as well as cellular immunity in mice. Our findings highlight the significance of the trimeric S1 protein in the development of MERS-CoV vaccines and offer a suitable adjuvant, QS-21, to induce robust and prolonged memory T cell response.",

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AU - Chang, Chi Chieh

AU - Algaissi, Abdullah

AU - Lai, Chia Chun

AU - Chang, Chun Kai

AU - Lin, Jr Shiuan

AU - Wang, Yi Shiang

AU - Chang, Bo Hau

AU - Chang, Yu Chiuan

AU - Chen, Wei Ting

AU - Fan, Yong Qing

AU - Peng, Bi‐Hung H.

AU - Chao, Chih Yu

AU - Tzeng, Shiou Ru

AU - Liang, Pi Hui

AU - Sung, Wang Chou

AU - Hu, Alan Yung Chih

AU - Chang, Shin C.

AU - Chang, Ming Fu

PY - 2023/5/16

Y1 - 2023/5/16

N2 - Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreaks have constituted a public health issue with drastic mortality higher than 34%, necessitating the development of an effective vaccine. During MERS-CoV infection, the trimeric spike protein on the viral envelope is primarily responsible for attachment to host cellular receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). With the goal of generating a protein-based prophylactic, we designed a subunit vaccine comprising the recombinant S1 protein with a trimerization motif (S1-Fd) and examined its immunogenicity and protective immune responses in combination with various adjuvants. We found that sera from immunized wild-type and human DPP4 transgenic mice contained S1-specific antibodies that can neutralize MERS-CoV infection in susceptible cells. Vaccination with S1-Fd protein in combination with a saponin-based QS-21 adjuvant provided long-term humoral as well as cellular immunity in mice. Our findings highlight the significance of the trimeric S1 protein in the development of MERS-CoV vaccines and offer a suitable adjuvant, QS-21, to induce robust and prolonged memory T cell response.

AB - Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreaks have constituted a public health issue with drastic mortality higher than 34%, necessitating the development of an effective vaccine. During MERS-CoV infection, the trimeric spike protein on the viral envelope is primarily responsible for attachment to host cellular receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). With the goal of generating a protein-based prophylactic, we designed a subunit vaccine comprising the recombinant S1 protein with a trimerization motif (S1-Fd) and examined its immunogenicity and protective immune responses in combination with various adjuvants. We found that sera from immunized wild-type and human DPP4 transgenic mice contained S1-specific antibodies that can neutralize MERS-CoV infection in susceptible cells. Vaccination with S1-Fd protein in combination with a saponin-based QS-21 adjuvant provided long-term humoral as well as cellular immunity in mice. Our findings highlight the significance of the trimeric S1 protein in the development of MERS-CoV vaccines and offer a suitable adjuvant, QS-21, to induce robust and prolonged memory T cell response.

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KW - Cellular immunity

KW - MERS-CoV neutralization

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Subunit vaccines with a saponin-based adjuvant boost humoral and cellular immunity to MERS coronavirus

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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