Abstract
The purpose of vaccines is to elicit vigorous and long-lasting immune responses against pathogen components that will protect recipients from disease should they be exposed to the pathogen. We now realize that developing appropriate B- and T-cell responses depends on appropriate activation of the innate immune response. Unlike T and B cells, which recognize very specific regions of pathogenic molecules through interaction with genetically rearranged receptors, innate immune cells recognize conserved molecular patterns inherent in pathogen-expressed molecules via an array of conserved, pattern recognition receptors. Engagement of these receptors results in release of inflammatory cytokines and in the activation and mobilization of innate immune cells. It also ultimately guides the activation and development of the adaptive immune response. The ability of the immune response to develop durable memory B- and T-cell responses specific for vaccine antigens forms the basis for immunization and vaccine-elicited immune protection. Recent progress in our understanding of how these memory responses are elicited and maintained should prove invaluable toward the development of improved vaccines. This chapter discusses how adaptive immune responses are elicited and links these processes to the development of protective immunity. The ways in which vaccine developers, manufacturers, and regulators utilize information about markers for protective immunity for a given vaccine is also discussed.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Vaccinology: An Essential Guide |
| Publisher | Wiley Blackwell |
| Pages | 73-92 |
| Number of pages | 20 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9781118638033 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9780470656167 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Dec 9 2014 |
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Keywords
- Adaptive immunity
- Correlates of protection
- Germinal center
- Immune memory
- Innate immunity
- Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- Pattern recognition receptor
- Toll-like receptors
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Medicine(all)
Cite this
The Host Immune Response, Protective Immunity, and Correlates of Protection. / Milligan, Gregg.
Vaccinology: An Essential Guide. Wiley Blackwell, 2014. p. 73-92.Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter
}
TY - CHAP
T1 - The Host Immune Response, Protective Immunity, and Correlates of Protection
AU - Milligan, Gregg
PY - 2014/12/9
Y1 - 2014/12/9
N2 - The purpose of vaccines is to elicit vigorous and long-lasting immune responses against pathogen components that will protect recipients from disease should they be exposed to the pathogen. We now realize that developing appropriate B- and T-cell responses depends on appropriate activation of the innate immune response. Unlike T and B cells, which recognize very specific regions of pathogenic molecules through interaction with genetically rearranged receptors, innate immune cells recognize conserved molecular patterns inherent in pathogen-expressed molecules via an array of conserved, pattern recognition receptors. Engagement of these receptors results in release of inflammatory cytokines and in the activation and mobilization of innate immune cells. It also ultimately guides the activation and development of the adaptive immune response. The ability of the immune response to develop durable memory B- and T-cell responses specific for vaccine antigens forms the basis for immunization and vaccine-elicited immune protection. Recent progress in our understanding of how these memory responses are elicited and maintained should prove invaluable toward the development of improved vaccines. This chapter discusses how adaptive immune responses are elicited and links these processes to the development of protective immunity. The ways in which vaccine developers, manufacturers, and regulators utilize information about markers for protective immunity for a given vaccine is also discussed.
AB - The purpose of vaccines is to elicit vigorous and long-lasting immune responses against pathogen components that will protect recipients from disease should they be exposed to the pathogen. We now realize that developing appropriate B- and T-cell responses depends on appropriate activation of the innate immune response. Unlike T and B cells, which recognize very specific regions of pathogenic molecules through interaction with genetically rearranged receptors, innate immune cells recognize conserved molecular patterns inherent in pathogen-expressed molecules via an array of conserved, pattern recognition receptors. Engagement of these receptors results in release of inflammatory cytokines and in the activation and mobilization of innate immune cells. It also ultimately guides the activation and development of the adaptive immune response. The ability of the immune response to develop durable memory B- and T-cell responses specific for vaccine antigens forms the basis for immunization and vaccine-elicited immune protection. Recent progress in our understanding of how these memory responses are elicited and maintained should prove invaluable toward the development of improved vaccines. This chapter discusses how adaptive immune responses are elicited and links these processes to the development of protective immunity. The ways in which vaccine developers, manufacturers, and regulators utilize information about markers for protective immunity for a given vaccine is also discussed.
KW - Adaptive immunity
KW - Correlates of protection
KW - Germinal center
KW - Immune memory
KW - Innate immunity
KW - Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
KW - Pattern recognition receptor
KW - Toll-like receptors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84976347300&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84976347300&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/9781118638033.ch5
DO - 10.1002/9781118638033.ch5
M3 - Chapter
SN - 9780470656167
SP - 73
EP - 92
BT - Vaccinology: An Essential Guide
PB - Wiley Blackwell
ER -