TY - JOUR
T1 - The type and intensity of exercise have independent and additive effects on bone mineral density
AU - Magkos, F.
AU - Yannakoulia, M.
AU - Kavouras, S. A.
AU - Sidossis, Labros S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by NSF ? Major Research Instrumentation Program (NSF MRI Award # 0921364 to FBA) and by the Cottrell College Science Award (ID # 7892) from Research Corporation (to FBA).
PY - 2007/9
Y1 - 2007/9
N2 - Previous research on the effects of running and swimming on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is inconclusive. This study examined the putative roles of the type and intensity of exercise in this respect, by measuring aBMD (adjusted for age, weight, and height) of the total body and of various subregions in 52 males aged 17-30 yr (21 runners, 16 swimmers, 15 controls). The athletes were competing at either long-distance ("endurance", n = 17) or short-distance ("sprint", n = 20) events. Compared with controls, runners had significantly higher leg aBMD (+6.7%, p < 0.05), while swimmers had significantly lower leg and total body aBMD (-9.8% and -7.0%, respectively, p < 0.05). Endurance athletes had significantly lower total body aBMD than controls (-4.9%, p < 0.05). Sprint athletes did not differ significantly from controls at any site, but they had significantly higher aBMD than endurance athletes throughout the skeleton (p < 0.05). Compared with controls, endurance swimmers had significantly lower aBMD at the legs and total body (-14.8% and -10.4%, respectively, p < 0.05), while sprint runners had significantly higher values for the legs, trunk, and total body (+8.0%, + 10.0%, and +6.3%, respectively, p < 0.05). Sprint swimmers and endurance runners did not differ from controls at any site or the total body. These results suggest that the type and intensity of exercise have independent and additive effects on bone density.
AB - Previous research on the effects of running and swimming on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is inconclusive. This study examined the putative roles of the type and intensity of exercise in this respect, by measuring aBMD (adjusted for age, weight, and height) of the total body and of various subregions in 52 males aged 17-30 yr (21 runners, 16 swimmers, 15 controls). The athletes were competing at either long-distance ("endurance", n = 17) or short-distance ("sprint", n = 20) events. Compared with controls, runners had significantly higher leg aBMD (+6.7%, p < 0.05), while swimmers had significantly lower leg and total body aBMD (-9.8% and -7.0%, respectively, p < 0.05). Endurance athletes had significantly lower total body aBMD than controls (-4.9%, p < 0.05). Sprint athletes did not differ significantly from controls at any site, but they had significantly higher aBMD than endurance athletes throughout the skeleton (p < 0.05). Compared with controls, endurance swimmers had significantly lower aBMD at the legs and total body (-14.8% and -10.4%, respectively, p < 0.05), while sprint runners had significantly higher values for the legs, trunk, and total body (+8.0%, + 10.0%, and +6.3%, respectively, p < 0.05). Sprint swimmers and endurance runners did not differ from controls at any site or the total body. These results suggest that the type and intensity of exercise have independent and additive effects on bone density.
KW - Distance
KW - Endurance
KW - Running
KW - Skeleton
KW - Sprint
KW - Swimming
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U2 - 10.1055/s-2007-964979
DO - 10.1055/s-2007-964979
M3 - Article
C2 - 17455122
AN - SCOPUS:34548684117
SN - 0172-4622
VL - 28
SP - 773
EP - 779
JO - International Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - International Journal of Sports Medicine
IS - 9
ER -