Thoracoscopic placement of phrenic nerve pacers for diaphragm pacing in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome

Purpose: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), or Ondine's curse, is a rare disorder affecting central respiratory drive. Patients with this disorder fail to ventilate adequately and require lifelong ventilatory support. Diaphragm pacing is a form of ventilatory support which can improve mobility and/or remove the tracheostomy fromCCHS patients. Little is known about complications and long-termoutcomes of this procedure. Methods: A single-center retrospective review was performed of CCHS patients undergoing placement of phrenic nerve electrodes for diaphragm pacing between 2000 and 2012. Data abstracted from the medical record included operation duration, ventilationmethod, number of trocars required, and postoperative and pacing outcomes. Results: Charts of eighteen patients were reviewed. Mean surgical time was 3.3 ± 0.7 hours. In all cases except one, three trocars were utilized for each hemithorax, with no conversions to open procedures. Five patients (27.8%) experienced postoperative complications. The mean ICU stay was 4.3±0.5 days, and the mean hospital stay is 5.7±0.3 days. Eleven patients (61.1%) achieved their daily goal pacing times within the follow-up period. Conclusions: Thoracoscopic placement of phrenic nerve electrodes for diaphragmatic pacing is a safe and effective treatmentmodality for CCHS. Observed complications were temporary, and the majority of patientswere able to achieve pacing goals.