Validation of three models for prediction of blood transfusion during cesarean delivery admission

Ann Bruno, Jerome J. Federspiel, Paula McGee, Luis Pacheco, George Saade, Samuel Parry, Monica Longo, Alan Tita, Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, Suneet Chauhan, Brett D. Einerson, Kara Rood, Dwight J. Rouse, Jennifer Bailit, William A. Grobman, Hyagriv Simhan

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Objective: Prediction of blood transfusion during delivery admission allows for clinical preparedness and risk mitigation. Although prediction models have been developed and adopted into practice, their external validation is limited. We aimed to evaluate the performance of three blood transfusion prediction models in a U.S. cohort of individuals undergoing cesarean delivery. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial of tranexamic acid for prevention of hemorrhage at time of cesarean delivery. Three models were considered: a categorical risk tool (California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative (CMQCC)), and two regression models (Ahmadzia et al and Albright et al). The primary outcome was intrapartum or postpartum red blood cell transfusion. The CMQCC algorithm was applied to the cohort with frequency of risk category (low, medium, high) and associated transfusion rates reported. For the regression models, the area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) was calculated and a calibration curve plotted to evaluate each model’s capacity to predict receipt of transfusion. The regression model outputs were statistically compared. Results: Of 10,785 analyzed individuals, 3.9% received a red blood cell transfusion during delivery admission. The CMQCC risk tool categorized 1,970 (18.3%) individuals as low-risk, 5,259 (48.8%) as medium-risk, and 3,556 (33.0%) as high-risk with corresponding transfusion rates of 2.1% (95% CI 1.5-2.9%), 2.2% (95% CI 1.8-2.6%), and 7.5% (95% CI 6.6-8.4%), respectively. The AUC for prediction of blood transfusion using the Ahmadzia and Albright models was 0.78 (95% CI 0.76-0.81) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.77-0.82), respectively (p=0.38 for difference). Calibration curves demonstrated overall agreement between the predicted probability and observed likelihood of blood transfusion. Conclusion: Three models were externally validated for prediction of blood transfusion during cesarean delivery admission in this U.S. cohort. Overall, performance was moderate; model selection should be based on ease of application until a specific model with superior predictive ability is developed.

Original languageEnglish (US)
JournalAmerican Journal of Perinatology
DOIs
StateAccepted/In press - 2023

Keywords

  • Blood preparedness
  • California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative risk tool
  • cesarean morbidity
  • external validation
  • prediction models
  • transfusion prediction

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology

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