TY - JOUR
T1 - Weight Status and Restaurant Availability. A Multilevel Analysis
AU - Mehta, Neil K.
AU - Chang, Virginia W.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Irma Elo, PhD, for her guidance and suggestions with respect to the analyses. Neil Mehta is supported by a T32 predoctoral Institutional Training Grant from the National Institutes of Health (AG000177; PI: Dr. Beth Soldo). Dr. Chang is supported in part by grant K12HD043459 from the National Institutes of Health.
PY - 2008/2
Y1 - 2008/2
N2 - Background: Empiric studies find that contextual factors affect individual weight status over and above individual socioeconomic characteristics. Given increasing levels of obesity, researchers are examining how the food environment contributes to unhealthy weight status. An important change to this environment is the increasing availability of away-from-home eating establishments such as restaurants. Methods: This study analyzed the relationship between the restaurant environment and weight status across counties in the United States. Individual data from the 2002-2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N=714,054) were linked with restaurant data from the 2002 U.S. Economic Census. Fast-food and full-service restaurant density, along with restaurant mix (the ratio of fast-food to full-service restaurants), were assessed. Results: Fast-food restaurant density and a higher ratio of fast-food to full-service restaurants were associated with higher individual-level weight status (BMI and the risk of being obese). In contrast, a higher density of full-service restaurants was associated with lower weight status. Conclusions: Area-level restaurant mix emerged as an important correlate of weight status, with components of the restaurant environment exhibiting differential associations. Hence, it is the availability of fast-food relative to other away-from-home choices that appears salient for unhealthy weight outcomes. Areas with a high density of full-service restaurants were indicative of a more healthful eating environment, suggesting a need for research into the comparative healthfulness of foods served at different types of restaurants. Future prospective studies are required to delineate causal pathways.
AB - Background: Empiric studies find that contextual factors affect individual weight status over and above individual socioeconomic characteristics. Given increasing levels of obesity, researchers are examining how the food environment contributes to unhealthy weight status. An important change to this environment is the increasing availability of away-from-home eating establishments such as restaurants. Methods: This study analyzed the relationship between the restaurant environment and weight status across counties in the United States. Individual data from the 2002-2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N=714,054) were linked with restaurant data from the 2002 U.S. Economic Census. Fast-food and full-service restaurant density, along with restaurant mix (the ratio of fast-food to full-service restaurants), were assessed. Results: Fast-food restaurant density and a higher ratio of fast-food to full-service restaurants were associated with higher individual-level weight status (BMI and the risk of being obese). In contrast, a higher density of full-service restaurants was associated with lower weight status. Conclusions: Area-level restaurant mix emerged as an important correlate of weight status, with components of the restaurant environment exhibiting differential associations. Hence, it is the availability of fast-food relative to other away-from-home choices that appears salient for unhealthy weight outcomes. Areas with a high density of full-service restaurants were indicative of a more healthful eating environment, suggesting a need for research into the comparative healthfulness of foods served at different types of restaurants. Future prospective studies are required to delineate causal pathways.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.031
DO - 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.031
M3 - Article
C2 - 18201642
AN - SCOPUS:38049070951
SN - 0749-3797
VL - 34
SP - 127
EP - 133
JO - American Journal of Preventive Medicine
JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine
IS - 2
ER -