Whey protein ingestion in elderly persons results in greater muscle protein accrual than ingestion of its constituent essential amino acid content

Christos S. Katsanos; David L. Chinkes; Douglas Paddon-Jones; Xiao jun Zhang; Asle Aarsland; Robert R. Wolfe

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2008.06.007

Whey protein ingestion in elderly persons results in greater muscle protein accrual than ingestion of its constituent essential amino acid content

Christos S. Katsanos, David L. Chinkes, Douglas Paddon-Jones, Xiao jun Zhang, Asle Aarsland, Robert R. Wolfe

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

129 Scopus citations

Abstract

It is recognized that both whey protein (WY) and essential amino acids (EAA) are stimuli for muscle protein anabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine if the effects of WY ingestion on muscle protein accrual in elderly persons are due solely to its constituent EAA content. Fifteen elderly persons were randomly assigned to ingest a bolus of either 15 g of WY, 6.72 g of EAA, or 7.57 g of nonessential amino acids (NEAA). We used the leg arteriovenous model to measure the leg phenylalanine balance, which is an index of muscle protein accrual. Phenylalanine balance (nmol{bullet operator}min^-1{bullet operator}kg lean leg mass^-1) during the 3.5 hours after the bolus ingestion improved in the WY (-216 ± 14 vs -105 ± 19; P < .05) but not in the EAA (-203 ± 21 vs -172 ± 38; P > .05) or NEAA groups (-203 ± 19 vs -204 ± 21; P > .05). The insulin response (uIU{bullet operator}mL^-1{bullet operator}210 min^-1) during the same period was lower in both the NEAA (48 ± 40) and EAA (213 ± 127) when compared to the WY (1073 ± 229; P < .05). In conclusion, WY ingestion improves skeletal muscle protein accrual through mechanisms that are beyond those attributed to its EAA content. This finding may have practical implications for the formulation of nutritional supplements to enhance muscle anabolism in older individuals.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	651-658
Number of pages	8
Journal	Nutrition Research
Volume	28
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2008.06.007
State	Published - Oct 2008

Keywords

EAA
Free amino acids
GCRC
GIP
General Clinical Research Center
Humans
Intact protein
NEAA
PB
Protein balance
Protein metabolism
Protein supplement
WY
essential amino acids
glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
nonessential amino acids
phenylalanine balance
whey protein

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Endocrinology
Nutrition and Dietetics

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10.1016/j.nutres.2008.06.007

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@article{c7367754c9814062bfda07005ae16acf,

title = "Whey protein ingestion in elderly persons results in greater muscle protein accrual than ingestion of its constituent essential amino acid content",

abstract = "It is recognized that both whey protein (WY) and essential amino acids (EAA) are stimuli for muscle protein anabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine if the effects of WY ingestion on muscle protein accrual in elderly persons are due solely to its constituent EAA content. Fifteen elderly persons were randomly assigned to ingest a bolus of either 15 g of WY, 6.72 g of EAA, or 7.57 g of nonessential amino acids (NEAA). We used the leg arteriovenous model to measure the leg phenylalanine balance, which is an index of muscle protein accrual. Phenylalanine balance (nmol{bullet operator}min-1{bullet operator}kg lean leg mass-1) during the 3.5 hours after the bolus ingestion improved in the WY (-216 ± 14 vs -105 ± 19; P < .05) but not in the EAA (-203 ± 21 vs -172 ± 38; P > .05) or NEAA groups (-203 ± 19 vs -204 ± 21; P > .05). The insulin response (uIU{bullet operator}mL-1{bullet operator}210 min-1) during the same period was lower in both the NEAA (48 ± 40) and EAA (213 ± 127) when compared to the WY (1073 ± 229; P < .05). In conclusion, WY ingestion improves skeletal muscle protein accrual through mechanisms that are beyond those attributed to its EAA content. This finding may have practical implications for the formulation of nutritional supplements to enhance muscle anabolism in older individuals.",

keywords = "EAA, Free amino acids, GCRC, GIP, General Clinical Research Center, Humans, Intact protein, NEAA, PB, Protein balance, Protein metabolism, Protein supplement, WY, essential amino acids, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, nonessential amino acids, phenylalanine balance, whey protein",

author = "Katsanos, {Christos S.} and Chinkes, {David L.} and Douglas Paddon-Jones and Zhang, {Xiao jun} and Asle Aarsland and Wolfe, {Robert R.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the nurses and the staff at the GCRC at UTMB in Galveston, TX, as well as Dan Creson, RN; Susan Minello, RN, MSN, ANP; and Roxana Hirst, MS. We gratefully acknowledge Stephaine J. Blas{\'e}, Christopher Danesi, Gaurang K. Jariwala, and Ming-Qian Zheng for skillful technical assistance. The work was sponsored by National Institutes of Health grants R01 AR49038 and P30 AG02483 and Shriners Hospital grant 8490. Studies were conducted on the GCRC at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, funded by grant M01 RR 00073 from the National Center for Research Resources, NIH, USPHS. The authors do not have any personal or financial conflict of interest with respect to this research.",

year = "2008",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1016/j.nutres.2008.06.007",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "28",

pages = "651--658",

journal = "Nutrition Research",

issn = "0271-5317",

publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",

number = "10",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Whey protein ingestion in elderly persons results in greater muscle protein accrual than ingestion of its constituent essential amino acid content

AU - Katsanos, Christos S.

AU - Chinkes, David L.

AU - Paddon-Jones, Douglas

AU - Zhang, Xiao jun

AU - Aarsland, Asle

AU - Wolfe, Robert R.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank the nurses and the staff at the GCRC at UTMB in Galveston, TX, as well as Dan Creson, RN; Susan Minello, RN, MSN, ANP; and Roxana Hirst, MS. We gratefully acknowledge Stephaine J. Blasé, Christopher Danesi, Gaurang K. Jariwala, and Ming-Qian Zheng for skillful technical assistance. The work was sponsored by National Institutes of Health grants R01 AR49038 and P30 AG02483 and Shriners Hospital grant 8490. Studies were conducted on the GCRC at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, funded by grant M01 RR 00073 from the National Center for Research Resources, NIH, USPHS. The authors do not have any personal or financial conflict of interest with respect to this research.

PY - 2008/10

Y1 - 2008/10

N2 - It is recognized that both whey protein (WY) and essential amino acids (EAA) are stimuli for muscle protein anabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine if the effects of WY ingestion on muscle protein accrual in elderly persons are due solely to its constituent EAA content. Fifteen elderly persons were randomly assigned to ingest a bolus of either 15 g of WY, 6.72 g of EAA, or 7.57 g of nonessential amino acids (NEAA). We used the leg arteriovenous model to measure the leg phenylalanine balance, which is an index of muscle protein accrual. Phenylalanine balance (nmol{bullet operator}min-1{bullet operator}kg lean leg mass-1) during the 3.5 hours after the bolus ingestion improved in the WY (-216 ± 14 vs -105 ± 19; P < .05) but not in the EAA (-203 ± 21 vs -172 ± 38; P > .05) or NEAA groups (-203 ± 19 vs -204 ± 21; P > .05). The insulin response (uIU{bullet operator}mL-1{bullet operator}210 min-1) during the same period was lower in both the NEAA (48 ± 40) and EAA (213 ± 127) when compared to the WY (1073 ± 229; P < .05). In conclusion, WY ingestion improves skeletal muscle protein accrual through mechanisms that are beyond those attributed to its EAA content. This finding may have practical implications for the formulation of nutritional supplements to enhance muscle anabolism in older individuals.

AB - It is recognized that both whey protein (WY) and essential amino acids (EAA) are stimuli for muscle protein anabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine if the effects of WY ingestion on muscle protein accrual in elderly persons are due solely to its constituent EAA content. Fifteen elderly persons were randomly assigned to ingest a bolus of either 15 g of WY, 6.72 g of EAA, or 7.57 g of nonessential amino acids (NEAA). We used the leg arteriovenous model to measure the leg phenylalanine balance, which is an index of muscle protein accrual. Phenylalanine balance (nmol{bullet operator}min-1{bullet operator}kg lean leg mass-1) during the 3.5 hours after the bolus ingestion improved in the WY (-216 ± 14 vs -105 ± 19; P < .05) but not in the EAA (-203 ± 21 vs -172 ± 38; P > .05) or NEAA groups (-203 ± 19 vs -204 ± 21; P > .05). The insulin response (uIU{bullet operator}mL-1{bullet operator}210 min-1) during the same period was lower in both the NEAA (48 ± 40) and EAA (213 ± 127) when compared to the WY (1073 ± 229; P < .05). In conclusion, WY ingestion improves skeletal muscle protein accrual through mechanisms that are beyond those attributed to its EAA content. This finding may have practical implications for the formulation of nutritional supplements to enhance muscle anabolism in older individuals.

KW - EAA

KW - Free amino acids

KW - GCRC

KW - GIP

KW - General Clinical Research Center

KW - Humans

KW - Intact protein

KW - NEAA

KW - PB

KW - Protein balance

KW - Protein metabolism

KW - Protein supplement

KW - WY

KW - essential amino acids

KW - glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide

KW - nonessential amino acids

KW - phenylalanine balance

KW - whey protein

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DO - 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.06.007

M3 - Article

C2 - 19083472

AN - SCOPUS:53249087926

SN - 0271-5317

VL - 28

SP - 651

EP - 658

JO - Nutrition Research

JF - Nutrition Research

IS - 10

ER -

Whey protein ingestion in elderly persons results in greater muscle protein accrual than ingestion of its constituent essential amino acid content

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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