TY - JOUR
T1 - Zika, Chikungunya, and Other Emerging Vector-Borne Viral Diseases
AU - Weaver, Scott C.
AU - Charlier, Caroline
AU - Vasilakis, Nikos
AU - Lecuit, Marc
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright ©2018 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/1/29
Y1 - 2018/1/29
N2 - Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have a long history of emerging to infect humans, but during recent decades, they have been spreading more widely and affecting larger populations. This is due to several factors, including increased air travel and uncontrolled mosquito vector populations. Emergence can involve simple spillover from enzootic (wildlife) cycles, as in the case of West Nile virus accompanying geographic expansion into the Americas; secondary amplification in domesticated animals, as seen with Japanese encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and Rift Valley fever viruses; and urbanization, in which humans become the amplification hosts and peridomestic mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, mediate human-to-human transmission. Dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika viruses have undergone such urban emergence. We focus mainly on the latter two, which are recent arrivals in the Western Hemisphere. We also discuss a few other viruses with the potential to emerge through all of these mechanisms.
AB - Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have a long history of emerging to infect humans, but during recent decades, they have been spreading more widely and affecting larger populations. This is due to several factors, including increased air travel and uncontrolled mosquito vector populations. Emergence can involve simple spillover from enzootic (wildlife) cycles, as in the case of West Nile virus accompanying geographic expansion into the Americas; secondary amplification in domesticated animals, as seen with Japanese encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and Rift Valley fever viruses; and urbanization, in which humans become the amplification hosts and peridomestic mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, mediate human-to-human transmission. Dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika viruses have undergone such urban emergence. We focus mainly on the latter two, which are recent arrivals in the Western Hemisphere. We also discuss a few other viruses with the potential to emerge through all of these mechanisms.
KW - Arbovirus
KW - Chikungunya
KW - Dengue
KW - Mosquito
KW - Yellow fever
KW - Zika
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U2 - 10.1146/annurev-med-050715-105122
DO - 10.1146/annurev-med-050715-105122
M3 - Article
C2 - 28846489
AN - SCOPUS:85033410249
SN - 0066-4219
VL - 69
SP - 395
EP - 408
JO - Annual review of medicine
JF - Annual review of medicine
ER -